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. 2021 Jun 18;131:16–40. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.023

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© 2021 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Fig. 4 — Chemical structures of the cationic lipid subtypes developed for utilization in lipid nanoparticle formulations for nucleic acid delivery. DOTMA, DOTAP, DODMA and DODAP represent the first generation of cationic and ionizable cationic lipids to be utilized in LNP formulations. Next generation lipids include the lipidoid C12-200 [136], invented by Drs. Anderson, Langer and colleagues and licensed by Alnylam, Moderna's SM-102, formerly known as 'Lipid H' [147], and ALC-0315 from Acuitas Therapeutics. Ionizable cationic lipids optimized for LNP formation and delivery include DLin-DMA [127], DLin-KC2-DMA [127] and DLin-MC3-DMA [126], all patented by Arbutus Biopharma. ALC-0315 from Acuitas and SM-102 from Moderna are the lipids utilized in the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines BNT162b2, from BioNTech and Pfizer, and mRNA-1273, from Moderna, respectively.