Table 2.

Themes and subthemes from TD siblings with ASD

Themes	Subthemes
Communication challenges: understanding and expressing	- Unable to maintain a conversation - Lacking knowledge of how to interact
“I will guide him”: strategies for communication breakdown and behaviors	- Trial and error - Approaching - Calm down - Scolding - Patience and explain
“I feel sad…”: emotional reaction	- Negative emotions - Mixed emotions
“Just keep it to myself, or ignore”: psychological coping strategies	- Self-regulation - Self-isolate or change focus - Getting used to it
“Sometimes I feel grateful”: impact on relationship	- Ambivalence - Closer relationship - More quality time spent