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. 2021 Jul 9;5(3):031503. doi: 10.1063/5.0046682

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© 2021 Author(s).

All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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FIG. 5. — Smart hydrogels for antifouling: (a) using a salt-responsive surface based on a polyzwitterionic polymer, the contact angle decreased when the solution changed from water to 1 M NaCl solution; thus, bacteria were killed in water and released in salt water.¹¹⁹ Reprinted with permission from Huang et al., Chem. Eng. J. 333, 1–10 (2017). Copyright 2017Elsevier. (b) The surface of hydrogel based on photoresponsive polymer, poly[2-((4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)oxy)-N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium] (polyCBNA), was switched from cationic antibacterial to zwitterionic antifouling by UV treatment.⁵⁸ Reproduced with permission from Liu et al., Langmuir 35(5), 1450–1457 (2019). Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society. (c) A thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel encapsulating AgNPs was prepared via a photopolymerization method. As temperature changed from 37 °C to 4 °C, the surface switched from killing to repelling bacteria mode.¹¹⁷ Reproduced with permission from Yang et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(41), 28047–28054 (2016). Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society.