Table 5.
Estimates of the effect of the cooking interventions on maternal 48-hour CO exposure using different model specifications, expressed as a percent change in mean exposure.
| N | Difference | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Before and After1 | |||
| Control | 2 114 | −32% | (−49%, −24%) |
| Improved biomass | 2 114 | −37% | (−44%, −30%) |
| LPG | 1 426 | −64% | (−69%, −59%) |
| Difference-in-Differences2 | 5 654 | ||
| Improved biomass | −8% | (−21%, 8%) | |
| LPG | −47% | (−56%, −36%) |
1
Estimates are derived from the models described in Equation 2, which are carried out for each study arm independently.
2
Estimates are derived from models described in Equation 3 (primary specification), which leverage all data included in the study and constitute our best estimate of the effect of clean cooking interventions on air pollution exposure. In this approach, the change in before and after change in exposure among the control arm is itself the reference for the differences observed in the intervention arms.