Table 1.

Descriptive statistics by county’s urban–rural status, USA, 2013–2017

	All counties (n=1211)		Urban counties (n=775)		Rural counties (n=436)
	M (SD)	Range	M (SD)	Range	M (SD)	Range
IMR (deaths per 1000 live births)	7.19 (2.74)	2.22–21.60	6.47 (2.20)	2.21–19.66	8.68 (3.14)	3.25–21.60
Black IMR	12.63 (4.71)	3.97–48.78	11.91 (4.01)	3.97–36.58	14.72 (5.83)	5.19–48.78
White IMR	5.71 (2.42)	1.12–30.44	5.17 (1.91)	1.12–18.52	7.42 (3.02)	2.67–25.64
Absolute racial inequity in IMR (black IMR – white IMR)	6.73 (4.32)	−7.48–30.44	6.74 (3.89)	−7.48–30.44	6.65 (5.94)	−7.09–25.97
Relative racial inequity in IMR (black IMR/white IMR)	2.44 (1.09)	0.58–12.45	2.51 (1.04)	0.58–12.45	2.10 (1.24)	0.59–10.43
White-to-black ratio in educational attainment	2.10 (1.04)	0.57–12.53	1.93 (0.91)	0.64–12.57	2.39 (1.20)	0.57–10.29
White-to-black ratio in median household income	1.74 (0.43)	0.61–4.40	1.71 (0.45)	0.61–4.40	1.81 (0.40)	0.99–3.76
Black-to-white ratio in jail incarceration	4.77 (5.33)	0.04–100.44	5.31 (6.08)	0.23–100.44	3.81 (3.45)	0.04–46.98
Poverty, %	17.37 (6.86)	3.6–48.2	15.34 (6.15)	3.60–48.20	20.98 (6.57)	5.30–47.00
College graduates, %	23.96 (10.97)	7.5–74.1	28.49 (10.61)	8.10–74.10	15.92 (5.75)	7.50–60.70
Incarceration rate per 1000	4.20 (8.02)	0.13–138.15	3.37 (6.29)	0.25–138.15	5.69 (10.24)	0.13–129.43

IMR, infant mortality rate; M, mean; SD, standard deviation.