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. 2021 Jun 28;12:665493. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.665493

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Copyright © 2021 Park, Han, Lee, Park and Hahm.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mean sera levels of cachexic cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6 according to the groups (A) TNF-α and (B) IL-6. TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased in Group 2, cancer cachexia group. Their levels were significantly decreased in the group treated with NR administration.