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. 2021 Jun 28;12:665493. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.665493

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Copyright © 2021 Park, Han, Lee, Park and Hahm.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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MAPKs, NAMPT, and SIRT1 changes according to the group. (A) C26-induced cancer cachexia was associated either ERK and JNK activation, then NR administration significantly inactivated these cachexia-associated MAPKs. (B) NAMPT1 was significantly decreased in cancer cachexia group, suggesting incomplete conversion of NAD⁺ in cancer cachexia, whereas NR administration maintained NAMPT1 expression. (C) SIRT1 was significantly increased in cancer cachexia group, but not in the NR-treated group, suggesting that NR administration did not affect SIRT1-mediated muscle atrophy.