TABLE 2.

DNA methylation in vascular aging-related atherosclerosis.

Genes	Methylation Status	Sample source	References
KLF2	Hyper	ECs	Kumar et al., 2013
KLF4	Hyper	ECs	Jiang et al., 2014
HoxA5, KLF3	Hyper	ECs	Dunn et al., 2014, 2015
p66shc	Hypo	ECs	Kim et al., 2012
BAX, LOX-1, CASP3	Hypo	ECs	Mitra et al., 2011
cIAP-1, BCL2	Hyper	HUVEC	Mitra et al., 2011
HIF1α	Hypo	VSMCs	Wu et al., 2019
MYOCD, SRF, MYH11	Hyper	VSMCs	Liu et al., 2013
p53, PTEN, MFN2	Hyper	VSMCs	Ma et al., 2017
PDGF	Hypo	VSMCs	Ma et al., 2017
CTCF	Hypo	HUVSMCs	Li et al., 2009
PPARγ1	Hyper	Macrophages	Yang et al., 2014
PSTPIP2	Hyper	Macrophages	Luz et al., 2018
LXRα	Hyper	Macrophages	Cao et al., 2014
ABCA1, TIMP1, ACAT1	Hyper	Peripheral blood	Ma et al., 2016
SMAD7	Hyper	Peripheral blood	Wei et al., 2018
DDAH2	Hyper	Peripheral blood	Niu et al., 2014
IL-6	Hypo	Peripheral blood	Yang Q. et al., 2016
LDLR	Hypo	Peripheral blood	Guay et al., 2013
eNOS	Hyper	Artery	Chan et al., 2004
ERβ	Hyper	Artery	Kim et al., 2007
15-LO	Hypo	Artery	Liu et al., 2004
ERα	Hyper	Atherosclerotic plaque	Post et al., 1999
MAP4K4, ZEB1, FYN	Hyper	Atherosclerotic plaque	Yamada et al., 2014
Foxp3	Hyper	Atherosclerotic plaque	Zhu et al., 2019
HECA, EBF1, NOD2	Hypo	Atherosclerotic plaque	Yamada et al., 2014
MMP9	Hyper	Macrophages	Fisslthaler et al., 2019
APOE	Hyper	Human	Zhang et al., 2019

EC, endothelial cells; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells; HUVSMCs, human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells.