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. 2021 Jun 28;12:667820. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667820

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Copyright © 2021 Singh, Dilkes, Sela and Tzin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Quantification of chemical defensive metabolites in the phloem sap. (A) DIMBOA concentration (mg per g FW) and (B) HDMBOA-Glc/HM2BOA-Glc content (peak area) were evaluated in the phloem sap obtained from leaf-1 and leaf-2 in both untreated controls (C) and 96 h following infestation (I) with R. padi using the choice whole cage bioassay. Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 4). The solid and dashed purple lines represent the mean value for each individual leaf type under control and infested conditions among the accessions, respectively. The effects of leaf position, accession, treatment, and their interaction (leaf position × accession × treatment) were tested by two-way ANOVA analyses. The asterisk represents the significant difference between treatments in a particular accession analyzed by Student’s t-tests (p < 0.05). In bold are the parameters that were significantly affected, p < 0.05.