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. 2021 Jun 28;12:667820. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667820

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Copyright © 2021 Singh, Dilkes, Sela and Tzin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Feeding behavior of R. padi aphids. Aphid feeding was measured on leaf-1 and leaf-2 of two selected wild emmer wheat (WEW) accessions and one domesticated durum wheat cultivar. Data of electrical penetration graph (EPG) waveforms were recorded in minutes. (A) time until first probe from the start of EPG, (B) total duration of C, and (C) total duration of E. Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 18). The dotted purple line represents the overall mean value of the waveform on individual leaf types among the accessions. The effects of leaf position, accession, and their interaction (leaf position × accession) were tested by two-way ANOVA analyses. Significant differences between accessions are indicated by different letters (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, p < 0.05). In bold are the parameters that were significantly affected, p < 0.05.