TABLE 3.

Swallowing data analysis

	COPD (n=17)	Control (n=19)	p-value
TWST for liquids
Total time s	17.0 (9.4–27.3)	9.0 (7.5–13.2)	0.022*
Number of swallows	7.0 (7.0–10.0)	6.0 (5.0–8.0)	0.053
Volume per second mL·s−1	10.7 ±6.6	15.6±5.1	0.019*
Volume per swallow mL	21.4 (15.0–21.4)	25.0 (18.8–30.0)	0.053
Time per swallow s	2.0 (1.5–2.6)	1.4 (1.3–1.8)	0.020*
TOMASS for solids
Total time s	56.7 (53.1–80.4)	43.4 (29.3–52.1)	0.003*
Number of swallows	4.0 (2.0–4.0)	2.0 (2.0–4.0)	0.0496*
Number of bites	4.0 (3.0–5.0)	3.0 (2.0–3.0)	0.079
Number of chews	68.5±22.5	48.7±13.2	0.004*
Chews per bite	18.2 (15.8–23.0)	18.0 (12.8–27.0)	0.739
Swallows per bite	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	1.0 (0.7–1.3)	0.547
Time per bite s	18.7 (16.3–22.7)	14.6 (10.8–21.2)	0.132
Time per chew s	1.01 (0.8–1.2)	0.9 (0.8–1.0)	0.199
Time per swallow s	18.7 (13.6–21.0)	14.6 (13.0–26.9)	0.635

Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. Results of timed water swallow test (TWST) and test of mastication and swallowing of solids (TOMASS) assessments in COPD and age-matched control groups. t-tests and Mann–Whitney tests were used to compare between groups. *: p<0.05.