Table 1.
Demographic, socioeconomic and contextual characteristics among included Mortality Disparities in American Communities participants by availability of healthy food retail in residential ZIP code tabulation areas
| No supermarket or produce market (N=4 92 000*) |
Any supermarket or produce market (N=2 261 000*) |
Total (N=2 753 000*) |
|
| Individual demographic characteristics | |||
| Gender, % female | 52.0% | 53.3% | 53.1% |
| Age, mean (SD) | 52.8 (15.7) | 51.5 (16.0) | 51.8 (16.0) |
| Marital status, % married | 69.6% | 63.9% | 64.9% |
| Nativity, % US born | 95.4% | 85.6% | 87.3% |
| Race/ethnicity, % Black | 4.6% | 9.5% | 8.6% |
| Race/ethnicity, % White | 92.0% | 84.9% | 85.5% |
| Race/ethnicity, % Hispanic | 4.1% | 10.6% | 9.4% |
| Race/ethnicity, % Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.3% | 4.6% | 4.0% |
| Race/ethnicity, % other | 2.1% | 1.8% | 1.9% |
| Socioeconomic characteristics | |||
| Educational attainment, % college or more | 21.9% | 31.0% | 29.3% |
| Annual income in $ US, mean (SD) | 71 800 (76 600) | 84 700 (95 300) | 82 400 (92 400) |
| Contextual (ZCTA-based) | |||
| Median household income, mean (SD) | 55 300 (19 200) | 59 800 (22 800) | 59 000 (22 300) |
| Population density (thousands of residents/km2), mean (SD) | 24 (83) | 144 (355) | 123 (327) |
| Walkable destination density (count/km2), mean (SD) | 0.5 (3.0) | 3.1 (10.0) | 2.6 (9.2) |
| Fast food density | 0.2 (1.0) | 0.7 (1.8) | 0.6 (1.7) |
| Unhealthy food sources, restricted | 0.5 (2.8) | 3.1 (9.7) | 2.6 (8.9) |
| Unhealthy food sources, unrestricted | 0.5 (3.2) | 3.7 (11.2) | 3.2 (10.3) |
*Exact sample size suppressed during disclosure proofing; CBDRB-FY20-022.
ZCTA, ZIP code tabulation area.