Table 1.

Approaches and strategies of intrinsic emotion regulation adapted from Gross (1998, 2015) and Zaki and Williams (2013).

Emotion regulation approaches	Emotion regulation strategies	Definition
Antecedent-focused	Situation avoidance	Avoiding situations likely to induce particular emotions
	Situation modification	Changing or manipulating situations to invoke, strengthen, or reduce particular emotions
	Cognitive change	Reappraising or reinterpreting situations to alter emotions
	Attention deployment	Distracting one's own attention from emotions and emotion-invoking situations
	Use of extrinsic emotion regulation	Consulting others to obtain an assurance that the emotion-eliciting situation is under control and solutions can be devised
Response-focused	Relaxation techniques	Using relaxation techniques to change one's emotional responses to a situation
	Suppression	Controlling oneself from showing and/or experiencing an emotion