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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharm Stat. 2020 May 5;19(5):710–719. doi: 10.1002/pst.2026

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Cluster counterfactual comparisons. The left circle represents a cluster if, possibly counter to fact, assigned to vaccine (A = 1). The right circle represents a cluster if, possibly counter to fact, assigned to control (A = 0). Within each circle, S indicates which individuals chose to participate in the study (S = 1 indicates participation, S = 0 otherwise). The overall, indirect, and total effects are contrasts in average potential outcomes over different sets of individuals within the clusters