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. 2021 Jun 28;12:669992. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669992

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Copyright © 2021 Renaude, Kroemer, Borg, Peixoto, Hervouet, Loyon and Adotévi

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Post translational histone modifications and their effects on transcription. Histone acetylation catalyzed by HAT is associated with an open chromatin whereas HDAC erase this mark and are responsible for chromatin compaction. HMT add methyl groups on the lysines of histone H3 protein whereas HDM catalyze the opposite reaction (eraser). The effect of histone methylation on transcription is variable. HP1 (heterochromatin protein 1) can recognize H3K9me3 or H3K27me3 and is responsible for chromatin silencing. NURF (nucleosome remodeling factor) recognizes the histone mark H3K4me3 and is associated with a chromatin permissive to transcription. HAT, histone acetyltransferases; HDAC, Histone deacetylases; HMT, Histone methyltransferases; HDM, histone demethylases.