Table 2.

The protocols of fluorescence lymph node mapping

Reference	Year	No. of patients	Dye	Submucosal/subserosal	ICG dosage (mg)	Waiting time	Lymph node (mean)	SLN (mean)	SLN assessment	Fluorescence emission source	Near-infrared system
Son et al. [10]	2021	192	ICG	Submucosal	1	16–18 hr	33.3	NA	In vivo	Laser/xenon	1588 AIM (Stryker)/IMAGE1 (Karl storz)
Park et al. [31]	2020	25	ICG	Submucosal	2.5–10	3–24 hr	41.0	NA	In vivo	Xenon	D-light P (Karl storz)
Ankersmit et al. [34]	2019	30	ICG	Submucosal/subserosal	20	3-10 min	13.0	3.5	In vivo	Xenon	NIR-imaging system (Olympus)
Currie et al. [35]	2017	30	ICG	Submucosal	2.5	7 min	34.0	3.0	In vivo	Xenon	NIR-imaging system (Olympus)
Andersen et al. [36]	2017	29	ICG	Subserosal	5	20 min	24.0	1.0	In vivo/ex vivo	Xenon	SPIES (Karl storz)
Weixler et al. [37]	2017	50	IRD	Subserosal	6	NA	17.5	10.4	Ex vivo	Laser	Mini-FLARE
Watanabe et al. [38]	2016	20	ICG	Subserosal	2	30 min	17.5	10.4	In vivo	Xenon	D-light P (Karl storz)
Liberale et al. [39]	2016	12	ICG	Subserosal	2	152 min	22.4	1.5	Ex vivo	LED	Photodynamic eye system (Hamamatsu Photonics)
Schaafsma et al. [40]	2013	22	IRD	Submucosal	4	NA	20.5	3.5	Ex vivo	Laser	Mini-FLARE
Hirche et al. [33]	2012	26	ICG	Subserosal	5–20	3-10 min	32.9	1.7	In vivo	Xenon	IC-view (Pulsion Medical System)
Cahill et al. [7]	2012	18	ICG	Submucosal	5–7.5	NA	NA	3.6	In vivo	Xenon	CE approved device (Olympus)
Hutteman et al. [41]	2011	19	IRD	Submucosal	1	NA	16.2	3.2	Ex vivo	Laser	Mini-FLARE
Noura et al. [32]	2010	25	ICG	Submucosal	5	30 min	NA	2.1	In vivo	LED	Photodynamic eye system (Hamamatsu Photonics)
Kusano et al. [8]	2008	26	ICG	Subserosal	NA	NA	NA	2.4	In vivo	LED	Photodynamic eye system (Hamamatsu Photonics)

ICG, indocyanine green; IRD, IRDye800CW; SLN, sentinel lymph node; CE, Conformite Europeenne; NA, not available.

Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan; Pulsion Medical System, Feldkirchen, Germany; Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu, Japan.