Table 5.

Summary of the literature on UIV selection in AIS with thoracolumbar/lumbar curves

Study	Curve type	Total No. of patients	Mean age (years)	Mean follow-up (years)	Conclusion
Shufflebarger et al. [47] (2004)	Lenke 3C, 5, 6	61	-	Min. 2	Fusion from the inferior end vertebra to the UEV showed excellent outcomes.
Bennett et al. [2] (2013)	Lenke 3C, 5, 6	26	14.6	Min. 5	The UIV was usually selected to be the UEV in TL/L curves.
Trobisch et al. [54] (2013)	Lenke 5	-	-	-	The UEV is recommended as the UIV unless it is not at the apex of the thoracic kyphosis.
Okada et al. [39] (2015)	Lenke 5	29	16.8	2.3	One level caudal to the UEV (UEV-1) is applicable to posterior correction for Lenke 5 curves.
Sudo et al. [48] (2016)	Lenke 5	30	14.4	17.2	One level caudal to the UEV (UEV-1) is a reasonable alternative to the conventional strategy (UEV).

UIV : upper instrumented vertebra, AIS : adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Min. : minimum, UEV : upper end vertebra, TL/L : thoracolumbar/lumbar