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Deep learning model development process. (A) Conventional logistic regression process, deep neural network (DNN) model development, and conventional machine learning methods. (B) Cross-validation of DNN models. (C) Flow of the study population. SVM, support vector machine; RF, random forest; XGBoost, extreme gradient boosting; AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CRC, colorectal cancer; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease.
