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Renin–angiotensin system overview
| Axis | Adverse/protective | Substrate | Product | Feedback | Actions in RAS | Receptor | Downstream signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACE | Adverse | (Inactive) Ang | (Aactive) Ang II | + | Amplifies | AT1 | ⇑ Vasoconstriction, inflammation, thromboses |
| ACE2 | Protective | (Active) Ang II | (Vasodilatory) Ang 1–7 | − | Modulates ACE, fine control | Mas | Mitigates pro-inflammatory actions of ACE |
Ang angiotensin, Ang II angiotensin II, Ang 1–7 angiotensin 1–7
