(A) In healthy control
mice, intracolonic administration of helianorphin-19
(10 μM, 100 μL of bolus) had no significant effect on
VMRs to CRD compared with vehicle treatment (healthy + vehicle: N = 7 vs healthy + helianorphin-19: N =
6; non-significant, P > 0.05, 2-way RM ANOVA with
Sidak’s multiple-comparison test). (B) In mice with CVH, intracolonic
helianorphin-19 (10 μM, 100 μL bolus) significantly reduced
VMRs to CRD, particularly at 80 mmHg CRD (CVH + vehicle: N = 13 vs CVH + helianorphin-19: N = 8; *P < 0.05, 2-way RM ANOVA with ***P <
0.001, Sidak’s multiple-comparison test). (C) VMR to CRD data
from healthy and CVH mice treated with either vehicle or helianorphin-19
represented as the cumulative area under the curve (cumulative AUC,
each dot represents data from an individual mouse in each cohort).
Overall, CVH mice treated with a vehicle had significantly greater
VMRs to CRD compared with healthy control mice treated with either
a vehicle (*P < 0.05) or helianorphin-19 (*P < 0.05). CVH mice treated with helianorphin-19 (10
μM, 100 μL bolus) display significantly reduced VMRs to
CRD compared with vehicle-treated CVH mice (*P <
0.05). Analysis based on Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s
multiple-comparison test.