Fig. 1.

Association between enteric pathogens detected by quantitative PCR in monthly non-diarrheal stool samples and stool myeloperoxidase in the multisite MAL-ED birth cohort study. Estimates are per tenfold increase in pathogen quantity from a single linear mixed-effects model including the quantity of each pathogen, sex, and age as fixed effects and site and subject as random effects. A total of 18,365 monthly non-diarrheal stools from 1715 children followed until 2 years of age were included, all of which had valid qPCR results for all included pathogens and were tested for myeloperoxidase (MPO; measured in nanograms per milliliter), a marker of neutrophil activity in the intestinal mucosa (Alpco). (Unpublished data provided courtesy of James Platts-Mills, University of Virginia).