Table 1.

Categories of patients’ NMOU behavior status and recommended approach to care

Patient category	Recommendations
CHAT-watch1	Continue virtual visits every 2–4 weeks Consider one in-person visit after every 4th virtual visit Increase vigilance (e.g., lookout for NMOUa behaviors, frequently check PDMPb) If high suspicion for NMOU during a virtual visit, schedule an in-person visit for the patient’s next appointment
CHAT-active2	In-person visit every 1–2 weeks if possible Once adherent for ≥ 3 in-person visits (or ≥ 4 virtual visits), then transition to virtual visit every 2–4 weeks At least 1 CHATc intervention, then thereafter as determined by the clinician Consider one in-person visit after every 4th virtual visit
CHAT-adherent3	Continue regular virtual visits every four weeks Increase vigilance (look out for NMOU behaviors, check PDMP) If high suspicion for NMOU during a virtual visit, schedule an in-person visit for the next appointment

Abbreviations:

^aNMOU: nonmedical opioid use;

^bPDMP: prescription drug monitoring program;

^cCHAT: Compassionate High Alert Team;

Definitions:

¹CHAT-watch (Unclear or less suggestive NMOU behavior, High-risk factors for NMOU, High suspicion but unclear evidence)

²CHAT-active (Explicit or highly suggestive NMOU behavior, Definitive abnormal UDT or inconsistent PDMP result)

³CHAT-adherent (No observed NMOU behaviors for ≥ 3 months)