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. 2021 Jul 12;19:207. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-00956-8

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Characterization of Zn-loaded bioactive ceramics and its direct facilitation of the osteogenic differentiation of PDPCs. SEM images of TCP (A) and Zn/TCP/PLLA (B–D). E The in vitro release curve of Zn2+ from Zn/TCP/PLLA scaffolds. F Relative mRNA expression levels (normalized to GAPDH) of osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, BMP-2, SMAD1, and OCN) after PDPCs were seeded on the different scaffolds for 7 days. PLLA, PLLA scaffold; TCP, TCP/PLLA scaffold; 5%Zn, 5%Zn-loaded TCP/PLLA scaffold; 10%Zn, 10% Zn-loaded TCP/PLLA scaffold; PDPCs, periosteum-derived progenitor cells; ns no significance; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. G–N SEM images of PDPC-seeded scaffolds (PLLA, TCP/PLLA, 5%Zn/TCP/PLLA, and 10%Zn/TCP/PLLA)