Table 4.

Proportion of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in adults of varying age ranges between 18 and 99 years around the world collated from published reviews.

Country of originating study	Palacios and Gonzalez 37						Lips et al. 38 /van Schoor and Lips 39
	% Insufficiency or deficiency
	VIT-D ng/ml a
	<12	<20	<12	<20	<12	<20	<10	<20	<10	<20	<10	<20
	All		Males		Females		All		Males		Females
Africa
Egypt											72
Egypt b											40–77
Morroco c											52
Nigeria				5		34					52
Tanzania		1
America North/Central
Canada	2	20					2–21
Canada d							2	64
Canada e							7	89
Mexico			0.2	10	2	10	2	44
Puerto Rico		32
US	6	34–37					2–9	18–54
America South
Brazil		28
Brazil b							14	41–58
Chile					13	27		27–60
Ecuador								22
Guatemala b								46
Asia
Bangladesh					36	80
Bahrain							50	86
India		66
Israel			9–12	41–50	15–23	51–60	14–27	28–78
Iran		51					19–34	85
Jordan				2		14	cf. Palacios and Gonzalez 37
Korea	8	62
Lebanon									40–58	60–63
Lebanon b									37	94	56	95
Malaysia		70
Pakistan		58
Saudi Arabia							42–53	84–90
Sri Lanka			0	34	6	59
Syria							61
Thailand		6%
Vietnam				1		3
Australia/Oceania
Australia	4	31
Fiji					3	11
New Zealand			0–2	42–54	2–6	51–52
Europe
Belgium							7	51
Croatia c											14	63
Denmark	14	52					0	24
Estonia d	1	29					cf. Palacios and Gonzalez 37
Estonia e	8	73					cf. Palacios and Gonzalez 37
Finland	15	65					0.2	7
Finland b							7	60
France							6	35
Germany			16	57	17	58	4	55
Great Britain d	3	15
Great Britain e	16	47
Greece								29
Hungary												57
Iceland							4	34
Ireland							6	45
Italy b								76
Netherlands							2	29
Netherlands b							4	33
Norway		40					0.1	19
Poland c											25	92
Scotland	35	78
Russia b								47
Russia, Northern Indigenous							2–53	8–84
Slovakia												15
Slovenia							31	66
Spain		34
Sweden b									0.8	17	0	16
Switzerland		38					6	>50
Turkey										66		79
UK										21

Studies including hospital patients, pregnant women and children excluded.

^aConversion factor ng/ml to nmol/l = 2.5.

^bOlder individuals with varying age ranges from 60+ years.

^cPostmenopausal women.

^dSummer.

^eWinter.

UK, United Kingdom; US, United States; VIT-D, vitamin D.