Table 1.
Baseline Characteristic of Study Participants, by the Level of Needs for Mental Health Services and HF Intervention Groups, AH/CS Study, Toronto Site.
| High needs (N = 180) |
Moderate needs (N = 347) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | HF-ACT (n = 87) |
TAU (n = 93) |
P-value | n | HF-ICM (n = 193) |
TAU (n = 154) |
P-value | |
| % or mean ± SD | % or mean ± SD | % or mean ± SD | % or mean ± SD | |||||
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 180 | 37.67 ± 11.06 | 41.45 ± 12.03 | .030 | 347 | 39.56 ± 11.60 | 40.79 ± 12.51 | .345 |
| Gender (self-reported) | ||||||||
| Men | 129 | 57 (65.5%) | 72 (77.4%) | .042 | 234 | 131 (67.9%) | 103 (66.9%) | .931 |
| Women a | 49 | 30 (34.5%) | 19 (20.4%) | 108 | 61 (31.6%) | 47 (30.5%) | ||
| Ethno-racial identity (self-reported) | ||||||||
| Black | 55 | 30 (34.5%) | 25 (26.9%) | .451 | 115 | 73 (37.8%) | 42 (27.3%) | .068 |
| White | 82 | 39 (44.8%) | 43 (46.2%) | 112 | 54 (28.0%) | 58 (37.7%) | ||
| Other | 43 | 18 (20.7%) | 25 (26.9%) | 120 | 66 (34.2%) | 54 (35.1%) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 127 | 65 (74.7%) | 62 (66.7%) | .428 | 231 | 128 (66.3%) | 103 (66.9%) | .883 |
| Other | 43 | 19 (21.8%) | 24 (25.9%) | 112 | 63 (32.6%) | 49 (31.8%) | ||
| Education | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 82 | 41 (47.1%) | 41 (44.1%) | .566 | 164 | 98 (50.8%) | 66 (42.9%) | .328 |
| Completed high school | 33 | 15 (17.2%) | 18 (19.4%) | 63 | 31 (16.1%) | 32 (20.8%) | ||
| Some post-secondary school | 51 | 29 (33.3%) | 22 (23.7%) | 112 | 61 (31.6%) | 51 (33.1%) | ||
| Homelessness during lifetime (years) | ||||||||
| <3 years | 65 | 35 (40.2%) | 30 (32.3%) | .543 | 171 | 97 (50.3%) | 74 (48.1%) | .663 |
| ≥3 years | 104 | 51 (58.6%) | 53 (57.0%) | 171 | 93 (48.2%) | 78 (50.6%) | ||
| Mental disorders b | ||||||||
| Major depressive episode | ||||||||
| No | 148 | 72 (82.8%) | 76 (81.7%) | .856 | 192 | 106 (54.9%) | 86 (55.8%) | .864 |
| Yes | 32 | 15 (17.2%) | 17 (18.3%) | 155 | 87 (45.1%) | 68 (44.2%) | ||
| Manic or hypomanic episode | ||||||||
| No | 163 | 76 (87.4%) | 87 (93.5%) | .156 | 309 | 171 (88.6%) | 138 (89.6%) | .765 |
| Yes | 17 | 11 (12.6%) | 6 (6.5%) | 38 | 22 (11.4%) | 16 (10.4%) | ||
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | ||||||||
| No | 157 | 74 (85.1%) | 83 (89.2%) | .400 | 250 | 137 (71.0%) | 113 (73.4%) | .622 |
| Yes | 23 | 13 (14.9%) | 10 (10.8%) | 97 | 56 (29.0%) | 41 (26.6%) | ||
| Panic disorder | ||||||||
| No | 172 | 82 (94.3%) | 90 (96.8%) | .412 | 281 | 157 (81.3%) | 124 (80.5%) | .845 |
| Yes | 8 | 1 to 5 (0.6 to 5.7%) c | 1 to 5 (1.1% to 5.5%) c | 66 | 36 (18.7%) | 30 (19.5%) | ||
| Mood disorder with psychotic features | ||||||||
| No | 134 | 65 (74.7%) | 69 (74.2%) | .936 | 282 | 158 (81.9%) | 124 (80.5%) | .750 |
| Yes | 46 | 22 (25.3%) | 24 (25.8%) | 65 | 35 (18.1%) | 30 (19.5%) | ||
| Psychotic disorder | ||||||||
| No | 74 | 37 (42.5%) | 37 (39.8%) | .709 | 260 | 145 (75.1%) | 115 (74.7%) | .923 |
| Yes | 106 | 50 (57.5%) | 56 (60.2%) | 87 | 48 (24.9%) | 39 (25.3%) | ||
| Substance abuse | ||||||||
| No | 161 | 75 (86.2%) | 86 (92.5%) | .172 | 318 | 175 (90.7%) | 143 (92.9%) | .465 |
| Yes | 19 | 12 (13.8%) | 7 (7.5%) | 29 | 18 (9.3%) | 11 (7.1%) | ||
| Substance dependence | ||||||||
| No | 111 | 48 (55.2%) | 63 (67.7%) | .083 | 217 | 124 (64.2%) | 93 (60.4%) | .461 |
| Yes | 69 | 39 (44.8%) | 30 (32.3%) | 130 | 69 (35.8%) | 61 (39.6%) | ||
| Alcohol abuse | ||||||||
| No | 148 | 70 (80.5%) | 78 (83.9%) | .550 | 304 | 165 (85.5%) | 139 (90.3%) | .181 |
| Yes | 32 | 17 (19.5%) | 15 (16.1%) | 43 | 28 (14.5%) | 15 (9.7%) | ||
| Alcohol dependence | ||||||||
| No | 124 | 60 (69.0%) | 64 (68.8%) | .983 | 247 | 145 (75.1%) | 102 (66.2%) | .069 |
| Yes | 56 | 27 (31.0%) | 29 (31.2%) | 100 | 48 (24.9%) | 33.8%) | ||
a
Includes seven transsexual or transgender participants.
b
Based on the DSM-IV criteria using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) version 6.0.
c
Absolute numbers less than six have been suppressed to reduce the risk of identification.