Table 3.
Difference of DAS, and FCV-19 scores based on sociodemographic variables.
| Variables | Categories | Nu | DASS |
Fear |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression |
Anxiety |
Stress |
||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | Test | P | Mean(SD) | Test | P | Mean(SD) | Test | P | Mean (SD) | Test | P | |||
| Gender | Male | 159 | 12.46(7.00) | −0.30 | 0.761 | 12.25(6.93) | −0.61 | 0.534 | 12.34(6.69) | =−0.95 | 0.34 | 12.69(7.70) | −1.51 | 0.13 |
| Female | 191 | 12.7(7.68) | 12.74(7.82) | 13.03(6.72) | 14.00(8.38) | |||||||||
| Age | <20 = g1 | 25 | 15.68(4.32) | 10.31 | <.001a | 15.2(4.19) | 9.70 | <.001b | 15.36(3.96) | 12.31 | <.001c | 17.4(5.83) | 12.20 | <.001d |
| 21–40 = g2 | 192 | 13.86(7.30) | 13.77(7.51) | 14.04(6.33) | 14.90(7.89) | |||||||||
| 41–60 = g3 | 110 | 10.8 (7.36) | 10.92(7.16) | 10.92(6.97) | 11.11(7.87) | |||||||||
| >60 = g4 | 23 | 7.26 (6.29) | 6.86 (6.47) | 7.39(6.29) | 7.56(7.33) | |||||||||
| Marital status | Not married = g1 | 112 | 15.05(7.25) | 35.36 | <.001e | 14.58(7.35) | 41.58 | <.001f | 15.50(8.52) | 28.51 | <.001g | 15.77(8.22) | 28.51 | <.001h |
| Married = g2 | 232 | 22.07(6.12) | 22.19(5.93) | 22.04(5.25) | 22.19(6.85) | |||||||||
| Divorced = g3 | 2 | 8.21(3.82) | 9.56(1.41) | 9.56(1.12) | 9.56(1.32) | |||||||||
| Others = g4 | 4 | 6.56(2.56) | 8.5 (1.22) | 8.5(1.29) | 8.5(1.14) | |||||||||
| Having a child | Yes | 197 | 20.49(7.21) | 2.61 | 0.009 | 20.35(7.56) | 2.38 | 0.017 | 20.56(6.61) | 2.69 | 0.007 | 21.59(8.26) | 3.28 | 0.001 |
| No | 153 | 18.43(7.43) | 18.45(7.12) | 18.63(6.70) | 18.74(7.64) | |||||||||
| Having related Occupation | Yes | 168 | 20.98(6.60) | 3.42 | <0.001 | 21.03(6.44) | 3.72 | <0.001 | 20.83(6.03) | 3.01 | 0.002 | 21.66(6.52) | 2.93 | 0.003 |
| No | 182 | 18.31(7.82) | 18.13(7.99) | 18.69(7.14) | 19.13(9.16) | |||||||||
| Being infected with COVID-19 | Yes | 136 | 18.16(7.71) | −2.93 | 0.003 | 18.38(7.51) | −2.29 | 0.022 | 18.18(7.24) | −3.46 | <0.001 | 18.57(7.69) | −3.26 | 0.001 |
| No | 214 | 20.50(7.01) | 20.24(7.28) | 20.69(6.17) | 21.45(8.19) | |||||||||
| Exercising | Yes | 157 | 16.23(7.39) | 8.42 | <0.001 | 16.05(7.29) | 8.70 | <0.001 | 16.50(5.34) | 8.93 | <0.001 | 16.37(7.58) | 9.03 | <0.001 |
| No | 193 | 22.33(6.13) | 22.35(6.25) | 22.33(5.35) | 23.51(7.06) | |||||||||
| Smoking Cigarette | Yes | 50 | 20.98(7.24) | 1.43 | 0.152 | 20.78(7.11) | 1.29 | 0.197 | 20.74(6.56) | 1.16 | 0.246 | 22.00(7.25) | 1.57 | 0.116 |
| No | 300 | 19.36(7.38) | 19.31(7.41) | 19.55(6.73) | 20.05(8.22) | |||||||||
| Drinking Alcohol | Yes | 20 | 19.95(6.97) | 0.22 | 0.825 | 19.45(7.61) | −0.04 | 0.962 | 19.95(6.00) | 0.15 | 0.874 | 20.40(7.35) | 0.03 | 0.969 |
| No | 330 | 19.57(7.40) | 19.53(7.42) | 19.70(6.75) | 20.32(8016) | |||||||||
| Anti-stress and anti-depressant medications |
Yes | 31 | 22.12(6.81) | 2.01 | 0.045 | 22.29(6.60) | 2.18 | 0.029 | 22.29(5.88) | 2.24 | 0.025 | 23.22(7.26) | 2.09 | 0.037 |
| No | 319 | 19.35(7.38) | 19.25(7.45) | 19.47(6.74) | 20.04(8.14) | |||||||||
| Daily Sleep quality | Yes | 136 | 17.16(7.17) | 5.19 | <0.001 | 16.97(7.12) | 5.43 | <0.001 | 17.56(6.53) | 5.03 | <0.001 | 17.38(7.70) | 5.68 | <0.001 |
| No | 210 | 21.19(7.07) | 21.20(7.14) | 21.13(6.45) | 22.24(7.80) | |||||||||
| Taking hypnotics medication | Yes | 105 | 20.19(6.10) | 1.03 | 0.301 | 20.02(6.14) | 0.85 | 0.392 | 20.02(5.89) | 0.60 | 0.547 | 20.53(6.83) | 0.315 | 0.752 |
| No | 240 | 19.30(7.87) | 19.28(7.93) | 19.55(7.04) | 20.23(8.63) | |||||||||
| Comorbidity | Yes | 70 | 21.44(7.03) | 4.50 | <0.001 | 21.72(6.99) | 5.37 | <0.001 | 21.56(6.72) | 4.96 | <0.001 | 22.76(8.08) | 5.48 | <0.001 |
| No | 280 | 17.98(7.29) | 17.60(7.27) | 18.11(6.22) | 18.16(7.51) | |||||||||
| Income | <2.5 m = g1 | 66 | 18.57(7.74) | 3.40 | 0.018i | 18.37(7.63) | 2.94 | 0.033 | 18.81(7.03) | 3.20 | 0.023j | 19.32(8.90) | 2.18 | 0.090 |
| 2.6–5 m = g2 | 73 | 17.82(7.65) | 17.97(7.61) | 18.09(7.02) | 18.76(8.22) | |||||||||
| 5.1–7.5 m = g3 | 111 | 21.03(6.83) | 20.86(6.87) | 20.90(6.24) | 21.54(7.28) | |||||||||
| > 7.6 m = g4 | 100 | 19.97(7.23) | 19.93(7.52) | 20.18(6.53) | 20.78(8.21) | |||||||||
a = S g1&g4 = 8.41 (p = 0.001), g2&g4 = 6.60 (p = 0.001), g1&g3 = 4.88 (p = 0.023),) g2&g3 = 3.06 (p value = 0.005); b = S g1&g4 = 8.33 (p = 0.001), g2&g4 = 6.90 (p < 0.001), g2&g3 = 2.84 (p = 0.012); c = S g1&g4 = 7.96 (p < .0.001), g2&g4 = 6.65 (p < .0.001), g1&g3 = 4.43 (p = .0.022), g2&g3 = 3.11 (p < .0.001); d = S g1&g4 = 9.83 (p = 0.001), g2&g4 = 7.22 (p = 0.001), g1&g3 = 6.28 (p = 0.004), g2&g3 = 3.67 (p = 0.002); e = g2&g1 = 7.01 (p value<0.001), g3&g2 = 13.07 (p = 0.046), g4&g2 = 13.57(p = 0.001); f = g2&g1 = 7.61 (p value<0.001), g3&g2 = 13.19 (p = 0.039), g4&g2 = 13.69(p = 0.001), g = g2&g1 = 6.53 (p value<0.001), g3&g2 = 13.54(p = 0.014), g4&g2 = 13.54 (p < 0.001); h = g2&g1 = 7.06 (p value < 0.001), g4&g2 = 14.09 (p = 0.002), i = g3&g2 = 3.21 (p = 0.038); j = g3&g2 = 2.81 (p = 0.050).