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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2021 Apr 1;134(4):562–576. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003729

Table 2.

Experienced post-operative outcomes, in the full study cohort and matched cohort

Full Study Cohort Matched Cohort
No Protective
Ventilation
(n = 2,844)
Protective
Ventilation
(n = 388)
P-Value No Protective
Ventilation
(n = 381)
Protective
Ventilation
(n = 381)
P-Value
Postoperative Outcomes
30-Day Pulmonary Complications 362 (12.7) 65 (16.8) 0.028 59 (15.5) 64 (16.8) 0.615
30-Day Major Morbidity 565 (19.9) 94 (24.2) 0.046 86 (22.6) 93 (24.4) 0.544
30-Day Major Morbidity and/or Mortality 578 (20.3) 98 (25.3) 0.025 89 (23.4) 96 (25.2) 0.550
Pulmonary Complications
ARDS 9 (0.3) 2 (0.5) 0.632 0 (0.0) 2 (0.5) N/A
Air leak > 5 days 178 (6.3) 27 (7.0) 0.596 24 (6.3) 27 (7.1) 0.662
Atelectasis 77 (2.7) 22 (5.7) 0.002 19 (5.0) 21 (5.5) 0.739
Bronchopleural Fistula 2 (0.1) 0 (0.0) 0.999 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) N/A
Pneumonia 62 (2.2) 11 (2.8) 0.415 11 (2.9) 10 (2.6) 0.827
Pneumothorax 60 (2.1) 10 (2.6) 0.553 18 (4.7) 10 (2.6) 0.131
Other pulmonary event 34 (1.2) 8 (2.1) 0.158 5 (1.3) 8 (2.1) 0.405
Pulmonary embolism 12 (0.4) 4 (1.0) 0.116 3 (0.8) 4 (1.1) 0.706
Respiratory failure 40 (1.4) 9 (2.3) 0.180 4 (1.1) 8 (2.1) 0.248
Tracheostomy 14 (0.5) 2 (0.5) 0.999 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 0.999
Ventilator support > 48 hours 7 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 0.999 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) N/A
Morbidity Complications
Return to Operating Room 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) N/A 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) N/A
Atrial Arrhythmia 241 (8.5) 39 (10.1) 0.300 31 (8.1) 39 (10.2) 0.302
Ventricular Arrhythmia 9 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 0.611 5 (1.3) 0 (0.0) N/A
Myocardial Infarction 12 (0.4) 2 (0.5) 0.681 4 (1.1) 2 (0.5) 0.414
Sepsis 9 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 0.999 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 0.999
Renal Failure 9 (0.3) 3 (0.8) 0.167 1 (0.3) 2 (0.5) 0.564
Central Neurological Event 8 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 0.999 2 (0.5) 1 (0.3) 0.564
Unexpected ICU Admission 66 (2.3) 11 (2.8) 0.533 11 (2.9) 11 (2.9) 0.999
Anastomic Leak 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) N/A 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) N/A
Any morbidity 303 (10.7) 50 (12.9) 0.186 42 (11.0) 49 (12.9) 0.425
Mortality Complications
30-Day Mortality 27 (1.0) 6 (1.6) 0.277 3 (0.8) 5 (1.3) 0.480

Data are presented as frequency (percentage) or median with 25th and 75th percentiles, as appropriate. Pre-match population comparisons calculated using Chi-Square or Fisher’s Exact tests for categorical variables, as appropriate. Matched population comparisons were calculated using McNemar tests for categorical variables.

Abbreviations: ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, ICU = intensive care unit.