Table 2.

Statistical analysis of the mean BNMN and MNf of healthy controls and (A) mCRC/laRC patients at the beginning (before).

	Groups	BN cells scored	Mean ± SE	G	P
BNMN	Control	25,000	7.28 ± 1.06
	mCRC Before	55,000	29.3 ± 9.07	38.00	<0.001
	laRC Before	21,000	26.4 ± 4.82	30.15	<0.001
MN cells	Control	25,000	8.18 ± 1.11
	mCRC Before	55,000	32.3 ± 9.97	41,1	<0.001
	laRC Before	21,000	29.6 ± 5.21	33,76	<0.001
CBPI ± SE (Mean ± SE)	Control	1.29 ± 0.03
	mCRC Before	1.32 ± 0.004
	laRC Before	1.36 ± 0.007

Values in bold font indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) compared with the controls. G indicates 2POi ln(Oi/Ei), where ‘Oi’ is the observed frequency in a cell, ‘Ei’ is the expected frequency under the null hypothesis, ‘ln’ denotes the natural logarithm and the sum is taken over all non-empty cells. SE, standard error; BN, binucleated cells (for each patient 1,000 BN cells were scored); BNMN, binucleated cells with micronuclei.