TABLE 3.
List of possible CHIKV vaccine candidates.
| Vaccine | Target | Type of vaccine | Status | References |
| Global initiatives | ||||
| T-E CHIKV | Lipid containing envelope of the virus | Inactivated Vaccine; 1st generation | Preclinical | Eckels et al. (1970) |
| USPHSRPB | Structural and envelope proteins | Inactivated Vaccine; 1st generation | Phase I | Harrison et al. (1971) |
| USPHSRPB | Structural and envelope proteins | Inactivated Vaccine; 1st generation | White et al. (1972) | |
| CHIK181/clone 25 | Reversion of attenuating point mutations | LAV; 1st generation | Preclinical | Levitt et al. (1986) |
| TSI-GSD-218 | Inhibition of viral replication | LAV; 1st generation | Phase II | Edelman et al. (2000) |
| 181/c25 | Reversion of attenuating point mutations | Chimeric virus; 3rd generation | Preclinical | Wang et al. (2008) |
| CHIKVIg-01 | Prevention of viral dissemination in tissues | Subunit Vaccine; 2nd generation | Preclinical | Couderc et al. (2009) |
| CMB/R | Envelope proteins | VLP; 2nd generation | Preclinical | Akahata et al. (2010) |
| CHIKV/IRES | Targets viral entry | Recombinant Vaccine; 3rd generation | Preclinical | Plante et al. (2011) |
| VEE/IRES-C/CHIKV | nsP2 envelope and capsid | Chimeric virus; 3rd generation | Preclinical | Wang et al. (2011) |
| pMCE321 | E1 and E2 glycoproteins | DNA vaccine; 3rd generation | Preclinical | Mallilankaraman et al. (2011) |
| dMAb | CHIKV envelope | DNA vaccine; 3rd generation | Preclinical | Muthumani et al. (2016) |
| EILV/CHIK | EILV cDNA clone containing CHIKV structural proteins | Chimeric virus; 3rd generation | Preclinical | Erasmus et al. (2017) |
| MVA-CE | nsP3 envelope and capsid | LAV;1st generation | Preclinical | Roques et al. (2017) |
| DREP-E | nsP3 envelope and capsid | LAV;1st generation | Phase II | Roques et al. (2017) |
| CHIKV-NoLS | N-terminal region of capsid protein | LAV;1st generation | Preclinical | Taylor et al. (2017), Abeyratne et al. (2018) |
| MV-CHIK | Measles vectored CHIKV structural proteins | Vector virus; 3rd generation | Preclinical | Reisinger et al. (2019), Rossi et al. (2019) |
| CHIKV | Multiple synonymous mutations in genome to reduce mutational robustness | LAV; 1st generation | Preclinical | Carrau et al. (2019) |
| SuperStop | Multiple synonymous mutations in genome to reduce mutational robustness | LAV; 1st generation | Preclinical | Carrau et al., 2019) |
| Stop CHIKV | Multiple synonymous mutations in genome to reduce mutational robustness | LAV; 1st generation | Phase I | Carrau et al. (2019) |
| 15nsP3 | E515V-nsp2 | LAV; 1st generation | Preclinical | Chan et al. (2019) |
| 1C-CHIKV | Capsid deletion | LAV; 1st generation | Preclinical | Zhang et al. (2019) |
| RHEV-CHIKV | E515V-nsp2 | LAV; 1st generation | In vitro | Chan et al. (2019) |
| Indian initiatives | ||||
| CK1/2 | Viral replication | Vector virus; 3rd generation | In vitro | Dash et al. (2008) |
| CHIK-FI | Envelope polyprotein | LAV; 1st generation | Preclinical | Tiwari et al. (2009) |
| rCHIKE1/E2 | E1 envelop protein | Subunit; 2nd generation | In vitro | Khan et al. (2012) |
| CHIKV-VLPs | Structural proteins introduced into yeast expression system | VLP; 2nd generation | Preclinical | Saraswat et al. (2016) |
| VSV1G-CHIKV | E3-E2-6K-E1 envelope polyprotein | Vector virus; 3rd generation | Preclinical | Subudhi et al. (2018) |