Table 3.
Characteristics associated with pharmacist comfort counseling patients about PrEP, Indiana 2016 (n = 284)
| Pharmacist comfort counseling patients about PrEP |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 153) |
No (n = 129) |
P | |||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | ||
| Mean | SE | Mean | SE | ||
| Pharmacist characteristics | |||||
| Gender, Male | 81 | (52.9) | 60 | (46.5) | 0.28 |
| PharmD Degree | 98 | (64.1) | 72 | (55.8) | 0.16 |
| Age (years) | 41.8 | 0.9 | 43.1 | 1.1 | 0.35 |
| Years in pharmacy practice | 16.6 | 0.9 | 17.8 | 1.1 | 0.42 |
| Pharmacy characteristics | |||||
| Type of pharmacy | 0.61 | ||||
| Chain | 87 | (56.9) | 72 | (55.8) | |
| Food store | 33 | (21.6) | 31 | (24.0) | |
| Mass merchandiser | 25 | (16.3) | 23 | (17.8) | |
| Independent | 8 | (5.2) | 3 | (2.3) | |
| Chain pharmacy, yes | 87 | (56.9) | 72 | (55.8) | 0.86 |
| Pharmacy located in a metropolitan area | 122 | (79.7) | 99 | (76.7) | 0.54 |
| Pharmacist knowledge and knowledge confidence | |||||
| Aware of PrEP prior to the survey | 100 | (65.4) | 57 | (44.2) | < 0.001 |
| PrEP continuing education (past 2 years) | 22 | (14.4) | 1 | (0.8) | < 0.0001 |
| HIV Management Continuing Education (past 2 years) | 51 | (33.3) | 16 | (12.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Confident in knowledge about PrEP aspects | |||||
| Medication adherence | 97 | (63.4) | 21 | (16.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Behavior modification, such as condom use | 82 | (53.6) | 18 | (14.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Medication adverse effects | 77 | (50.3) | 18 | (14.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Pharmacy practice | |||||
| You or other pharmacists at this pharmacy consulted with a customer about PrEP | 25 | (16.3) | 8 | (6.2) | < 0.01 |
| You or other pharmacists at this pharmacy have dispensed PrEP | 30 | (19.6) | 15 | (11.6) | 0.07 |
| Pharmacist comfort, beliefs and attitudes | |||||
| Comfortable dispensing to anyone who has a medical need and a prescription | 135 | (88.2) | 108 | (83.7) | 0.27 |
| Pharmacists can be an important resource for HIV and HCV treatment (Strongly Agree) | 115 | (75.2) | 61 | (47.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Pharmacists can be an important resource for HIV and HCV prevention (Strongly Agree) | 112 | (73.2) | 52 | (40.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Potential barriers to PrEP dispensing | |||||
| None | 69 | (45.1) | 42 | (32.6) | 0.03 |
| PrEP use reinforces HIV risk behaviors | 27 | (17.6) | 26 | (20.2) | 0.59 |
| Only HIV-specialty pharmacists should counsel patients about PrEP | 8 | (5.2) | 35 | (27.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Personal discomfort counseling a patient about sexual activity in general | 10 | (6.5) | 18 | (14.0) | 0.04 |
| Widespread use of PrEP would contribute to increased rates of HIV and other STIs | 15 | (9.8) | 11 | (8.5) | 0.71 |
| Personal discomfort counseling a patient about gay sexual activity | 6 | (3.9) | 18 | (14.0) | < 0.01 |
| Personal disagreement with dispensing PrEP because “I don’t agree with the lifestyle choices that this drug enables” | 2 | (1.3) | 8 | (6.2) | 0.048* |
| Community characteristics | |||||
| Asked in the past 2 years about | |||||
| PrEP | 28 | (18.3) | 8 | (6.2) | < 0.01 |
| Post-exposure prophylaxis (“PEP”) for the prevention of HIV infection | 40 | (26.1) | 11 | (8.5) | < 0.001 |
| HIV antiretroviral treatment | 63 | (41.2) | 23 | (17.8) | < 0.0001 |
| HIV disease | |||||
| New cases of HIV in the county, 2015 | 49.5 | 5.9 | 29.1 | 4.9 | < 0.01 |
| New cases of HIV in the county, 2016 | 55.0 | 6.6 | 32.1 | 5.5 | < 0.01 |
| Difference in New HIV Cases, 2016–2015 | 5.6 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 0.7 | 0.01 |
| Number of people per primary care physician (county health rankings), 2017 | 1816.7 | 127.4 | 1710.8 | 112.7 | 0.53** |
| Number of full time pharmacists | 2.4 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 0.047** |
*
Fisher’s exact test
**
Satterthwaite test for unequal variances