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. 2021 Jul 5;14:2811–2824. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S306402

Table 4.

The Association Between Knowledge/Attitude Scores and HCW’s Characteristics

Variable Category Knowledge Score Attitude Score
N Mean S.D p-value N Mean S.D p-value
Gendera Female 904 0.5 0.5 0.754 906 0.37 0.48 0.000
Male 784 0.49 0.5 785 0.49 0.5
Age Groupsb <30 years 383 0.51 0.5 0.606 383 0.35 0.48 0.008
30–39 years 749 0.5 0.5 750 0.42 0.49
40–49 years 350 0.46 0.49 351 0.48 0.5
>49 years 205 0.48 0.5 206 0.48 0.5
Nationalitya Non Saudi 640 0.5 0.5 0.537 642 0.47 0.5 0.000
Saudi 1027 0.49 0.5 1027 0.39 0.49
Highest level of educationb Diploma 339 0.37 0.48 0.000 339 0.43 0.5 0.292
Bachelor 891 0.49 0.5 891 0.4 0.49
Masters\Ph.D 399 0.58 0.49 399 0.46 0.5
Other 59 0.63 0.49 59 0.47 0.5
Employerb Governmental - Ministry of Health 935 0.48 0.5 0.65 937 0.43 0.5 0.014
Governmental - Other than the Ministry of Health 346 0.53 0.5 346 0.4 0.49
Private sector 398 0.5 0.5 398 0.43 0.50
Occupationb Physician 589 0.62 0.49 0.000 590 0.42 0.49 0.000
Pharmacist 99 0.51 0.5 99 0.29 0.46
Nurse 444 0.39 0.49 445 0.5 0.5
Laboratory staff 137 0.37 0.49 137 0.42 0.5
Radiotherapist 72 0.38 0.49 72 0.44 0.5
Public Health 16 0.38 0.5 16 0.38 0.5
Other 328 0.49 0.5 328 0.36 0.48
Ward stationed inb Medical ward 220 0.52 0.5 0.073 220 0.48 0.5 0.000
O&G ward 62 0.48 0.5 62 0.23 0.42
Paediatric ward 97 0.58 0.5 97 0.38 0.49
ICU 88 0.55 0.5 88 0.67 0.47
ER 202 0.41 0.49 202 0.49 0.5
Laboratory 110 0.44 0.5 110 0.44 0.5
Pharmacy 64 0.44 0.5 64 0.3 0.46
Isolation ward 33 0.42 0.5 34 0.44 0.5
Optometrists 3 0.33 0.58 3 0 0
Other 403 0.48 0.5 404 0.44 0.5
OPD 15 0.53 0.52 15 0.4 0.51
Radiology 36 0.47 0.51 36 0.39 0.49
Dentist 128 0.58 0.5 128 0.27 0.44
Nutrition 12 0.67 0.49 12 0.25 0.45
Physiotherapy 23 0.61 0.5 23 0.35 0.49
Dealt with a COVID-19 suspected/confirmed casea Yes 845 0.48 0.5 0.404 846 0.53 0.5 0.000
No 843 0.5 0.5 843 0.32 0.47

Notes: aIndependent t-test; bANOVA test.

Abbreviations: PHC, Primary healthcare center; O&G ward, Obstetrics and gynecology ward; ICU, intensive care unit; ER, emergency room; OPD, outpatient department; COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019.