Table 2. Soil properties and plant traits as influenced by fertilization and irrigation in 2018.
| Treatment | Soil properties | Plant traits | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | SOC | TN | TP | TK | NO3-−N | NH4+−N | Olsen−P | AK | Early rice | Late rice | |||||||
| Grain yield | N | P | K | Grain yield | N | P | K | ||||||||||
| g kg-1 | mg kg-1 | kg ha-1 | g kg-1 | kg ha-1 | g kg-1 | ||||||||||||
| T0 | 5.97±0.08b | 15.16±0.10b | 2.18±0.25a | 0.29±0.01c | 20.31±0.73ab | 13.20±0.77b | 35.14±6.12b | 0.96±0.06c | 64.99±4.62b | 2971±374b | 81.64±4.03b | 14.14± 0.84b | 56.96± 3.08a | 2795±165b | 83.95 ±1.66c | 10.60 ±0.45b | 52.76 ±2.19c |
| T1 | 6.01±0.08b | 15.33±0.13b | 2.00±0.12a | 0.41±0.01b | 19.68±0.59b | 18.74±2.94a | 59.64±5.53a | 2.75±0.19a | 57.87±3.38b | 4929±518a | 96.88±4.27a | 18.84± 0.68a | 45.40±1.73b | 5363±119a | 108.16± 0.83a | 21.36± 0.40a | 107.80± 7.64b |
| T2 | 6.24±0.11a | 15.98±0.18a | 1.84±0.16a | 0.48±0.02a | 21.55±0.55a | 6.37±0.96c | 51.55±7.43a | 2.41±0.17b | 86.15±6.17a | 5656±134a | 88.39±2.74b | 20.47± 0.55a | 60.81±1.82a | 5393±105a | 101.04 ±2.57b | 20.62 ±1.56a | 125.14 ±4.49a |
Notes: T0 = Traditional irrigation; T1 = Traditional irrigation and fertilization practice; T2 = Water-saving irrigation and optimizing fertilization. SOC: Soil organic carbon; N: Nitrogen; TN: Total N; NO3− −N: Nitrate N; NH4+ −N: Ammonium N; P: Phosphorus; TP: Total P; K: Potassium; TK: Total K; AK: Available K. Values (means ± SD) with different lower-case letters in a column are significantly different at P < 0.05 according to the Duncan test.