Table 2.
Engagement metrics, content, adherence to the Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONCode), and DISCERN score of COVID-19 vaccine–related videos on YouTube, stratified by channel type.
| Parameters | Educational (nonmedical) | Educational (medical) | Independent nonmedical users | Internet media | News agencies | Nonprofit or medical organizations | Overall | P valuea | ||
| Videos, n (%) | 10 (21) | 6 (13) | 5 (10) | 10 (21) | 13 (27) | 4 (8) | 48 (100) | N/Ab | ||
| Total views, n (%) | 5,473,987 (18) | 1,467,003 (5) | 1,766,051 (6) | 4,205,972 (14) | 9,798,419 (33) | 7,389,129 (25) | 30,100,561 (100) | N/A | ||
| Views per video, median (IQR) | 367,560 (162,635-623,924) | 213,707 (143,570-302,387) | 221,299 (209,150-334,553) | 197,365 (135,953-557,721) | 275,615 (137,721-644,970) | 247,977 (241,877-1,853,382) | 236,064 (152,082-596,234) | N/A | ||
| Views per day since upload, median (IQR) | 7604 (3681-10,802) | 8309 (5179-9699) | 8852 (7406-27,879) | 1984 (880-5470) | 5560 (4279-10,656) | 11,734 (2532-37,832) | 6364 (3031-11,717) | N/A | ||
| Likes, median (IQR) | 15,050 (6050-25,250) | 5600 (5000-6725) | 10,000 (5800-10,000) | 4200 (2000-6275) | 2600 (1300-5100) | 3400 (1998-15,200) | 5600 (2300-9200) | N/A | ||
| Dislikes, median (IQR) | 656 (261-1325) | 268 (213-405) | 557 (342-701) | 651 (223-1200) | 716 (404-1200) | 1700 (970-5700) | 545 (236-1200) | N/A | ||
| Likes:dislikes ratio, median (IQR) | 23.8 (18-26) | 20.9 (18-25) | 18 (6-30) | 12.3 (3-18) | 4.3 (2-11) | 2.8 (2-8) | 14.3 (3-24) | N/A | ||
| Comments, median (IQR) | 1633 (1047-3444) | 1932 (1691-2253) | 2133 (1680-6402) | 1430 (622-3480) | 2204 (1194-3611) | 1258 (735-1858) | 1891 (1059-3424) | N/A | ||
| Contentc, n (%) | N/A | |||||||||
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Vaccine science | 9 (90) | 6 (100) | 1 (20) | 5 (50) | 4 (31) | 3 (75) | 28 (58) |
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Trial process | 5 (50) | 5 (83) | 1 (20) | 7 (70) | 8 (62) | 2 (50) | 28 (58) |
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Manufacturing process | 2 (20) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (40) | 2 (15) | 0 (0) | 8 (17) |
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Side effects and safety | 3 (30) | 5 (83) | 5 (100) | 1 (10) | 7 (54) | 2 (50) | 23 (48) |
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Vaccine efficacy | 2 (20) | 5 (83) | 3 (60) | 2 (20) | 4 (31) | 1 (25) | 17 (35) |
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Public health information | 3 (30) | 1 (17) | 1 (20) | 3 (30) | 1 (8) | 1 (25) | 10 (21) |
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| HONcode adherence (/8), n (%) | N/A | |||||||||
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Low (0-2) | 2 (20) | 1 (17) | 5 (100) | 5 (50) | 10 (77) | 3 (75) | 27 (56) |
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Moderate (3-5) | 7 (70) | 5 (83) | 0 (0) | 4 (40) | 3 (23) | 1 (25) | 20 (42) |
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High (6-8) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
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| DISCERN score, median (IQR) | ||||||||||
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Reliability (/40, n=48) | 28.5 (25.9-32.5) | 35.5 (32.0-39.4) | 18 (18-20) | 24.8 (23.3-26.8) | 23.8 (20.5-24.5) | 23.5 (22.9-24.5) | 25 (22.9-29.1) | <.001 | |
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Treatment quality (/35, n=30) | 16.5 (14-18) | 21.3 (20.1-25.8) | 19 (19-19) | 17.5 (17.0-18.5) | 14.8 (12.6-17.4) | 20.5 (16.8-21.3) | 18.3 (15.1-20.5) | .052 | |
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Overall quality judgement (/5, n=30) | 3 (3-4) | 4.8 (4.1-5.0) | 3.5 (3.5-3.5) | 3 (2.5-4.0) | 2.5 (2.0-3.1) | 3 (3.0-3.5) | 3.3 (3-4) | .07 | |
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Total score (/80, n=30) | 48.5 (46.5-53.0) | 64.3 (58.5-66.3) | 43.5 (43.5-43.5) | 49 (45.5-52.0) | 40.3 (34.8-47.0) | 52 (45.5-54.3) | 50 (45.1-53.1) | .03 | |
aP values were produced using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Significant figures are in italics.
bN/A: not applicable.
cPercentage values have been calculated relative to the total number of videos of each channel type: educational (nonmedical) (n=10), educational (medical) (n=6), independent nonmedical users (n=5), internet media (n=10), news agencies (n=13), and nonprofit or medical organizations (n=4).