Table 2.
Associations between individual-and household-level risk factors and diarrhea prevalence for children under 5 years from over the 12 month surveillance period. in urban Bangladesh
| Risk factor | Total* | N† | % | Diarrhea prevalence, OR (95% CI)‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Unimproved latrine§ | 2,275 | 56 | 2.46 | 1.83 (0.82–4.13) |
| Household without a refrigerator | 6,786 | 3534 | 52.08 | 1.24 (0.99–1.57) |
| Household animal ownership | 2,272 | 178 | 7.83 | 1.51 (0.95–2.40) |
| Monthly surveillance | ||||
| Household source water with < 1 CFU/100 mL Escherichia coli | 2,225 | 364 | 16.36 | 0.74 (0.45–1.22) |
| Household source water with > 100 CFU/100 mL E. coli | 2,225 | 1,171 | 52.63 | 1.43 (1.06–1.92) |
| Household stored water with < 1 CFU/100 mL E. coli | 2,263 | 412 | 18.21 | 1.12 (0.76–1.67) |
| Household stored water with > 100 CFU/100 mL E. coli | 2,263 | 981 | 43.35 | 1.19 (0.89–1.60) |
| Animals in the child sleeping space | 2,269 | 80 | 3.53 | 1.26 (0.56–2.83) |
| Caregiver reported unsafe child feces disposal | 6,760 | 418 | 6.18 | 1.28 (0.93–1.75) |
| Feces present on the household compound‖ | 2,275 | 502 | 22.07 | 1.71 (1.23–2.38) |
| Children with visibly dirty hands | 2,118 | 529 | 24.98 | 1.01 (0.72–1.42) |
| Caregiver with visibly dirty hands | 2,015 | 418 | 20.74 | 1.15 (0.79–1.68) |
CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
Total number of surveillance visits. The total differs because some assessment were performed in a randomly selected households, and some data were missing.
Number of surveillance visits with that risk factor.
Confidence intervals estimated with generalized estimating equations accounting for clustering within households. Significant findings are bolded. All associations are adjusted for study arm, refrigerator ownership, sleeping room, roof type, wall type, baseline age, and whether the index diarrhea patient was a child under 5 years old.
Unimproved latrine is defined as a flush or pour flush latrine to other than a sewer system or septic tank, a pit latrine without slab or with broken slab, or a hanging latrine.
The household compound included indoor and outdoor living spaces. This space was defined by household members at the beginning of the spot check.