Table 2.
Key points of massive envenomation by killer bees (more than 1 sting/kg)
Systemic reaction | ||
---|---|---|
Immediate | Delayed | |
Diagnosis | • Anaphylaxis: | • Rhabdomyolysis |
⇒ Involvement of the skin-mucosal tissue, | • Acute renal failure | |
⇒ Respiratory compromise, | ||
⇒ Reduced BP or associated symptoms, | ||
⇒ Persistent gastrointestinal symptoms. | ||
Treatment recommended by learned societies | • Epinephrine IM, 10 µg/kg, repeated every 10–15 minutes until there is a response, | • Isotonic saline hydration. |
• Vascular filling, | ||
• Oxygen therapy if needed. |