Table 2. Summary of reported risk estimates of male sex for cardiovascular mortality.

Study	Unadjusted				Adjusted
	HR	95% CI Lower Limit	95% CI Upper Limit	P-value	HR	95% CI Lower Limit	95% CI Upper limit	P-value	Adjusted Variables
Wang 2020	1.36	0.46	4.05	0.58	-	-	-	-	n/a
Zhang 2020	0.93	0.49	1.75	0.81	-	-	-	-	n/a
Yu 2020	-	-	-	-	1.49	0.75	2.95	0.25	Age, dialysis vintage in months, diastolic BP, CHF, CHD, Arrhythmia, Arrhythmia with a pacemaker, Previous stroke, DM, Primary gout, Systemic vasculitis or lupus nephritis, Cancer, Vascular access types, others
Lee 2020	0.86	0.52	1.42	0.56	-	-	-	-	n/a
Tsai 2020	1.21	0.50	2.29	0.67	-	-	-	-	n/a
Simsek 2020	-	-	-	-	2.79	1.38	5.62	0.00	Previous CHD, Anaemia, HTN, Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio >30 mg/g, Log N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, eGFR
Toyama 2019	1.04	0.52	12.51	0.36	-	-	-	-	n/a
Mizuiri 2019	0.83	0.46	1.54	0.54	-	-	-	-	n/a
Chen 2019	1.81	0.96	3.42	0.07	1.23	0.61	2.49	0.57	Age, Chest Thoracic Ratio, Aortic Calcification score
Yadav 2019	0.88	0.50	1.59	0.68	-	-	-	-	n/a
Cano-Megias 2019	1.19	0.57	2.50	0.65	-	-	-	-	n/a
Wu [28]	1.03	0.46	2.30	0.95	-	-	-	-	n/a
Saglimbene [29]	-	-	-	-	1.16	0.98	1.37	0.08	Age, DM, MI, education, smoker, vascular access type, body mass index, albumin, Charlson comorbidity score, phosphorus level, calcium level, haemoglobin, KT/V (index to quantify haemodialysis treatment adequacy), fibre daily intake, energy intake
Gong [48]	0.69	0.29	1.64	0.40	-	-	-	-	n/a
Zhang [25]	-	-	-	-	2.77	1.11	6.94	0.03	Age, DM, coronary heart disease, dialysis vintage, vascular access, sST2, NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, hs-CRP, haemoglobin, serum albumin, leukocyte count, serum urea, serum creatinine, uric acid, body mass index, systolic BP, diastolic BP
Wu [49]	-	-	-	-	0.40	0.05	3.02	0.38	Age, DM, duration of PD, CVD, MBP, BMI, albumin, phosphorous, HDL, aortic arch calcification
Peng [50]	0.70	0.34	1.42	0.32	-	-	-	-	n/a
Jeng [32]	0.96	0.51	1.79	0.89	-	-	-	-	n/a
Isla [17]	0.83	0.39	1.78	-	-	-	-	-	n/a
Lu [33]	-	-	-	-	1.28	0.61	2.66	-	Age, DM, HTN, endothelial progenitor cells, current smoker, dialysis efficiency, haemoglobin, Harrell’s concordance
Merle [22]	-	-	-	-	1.05	0.67	1.64	0.84	Age, DM, hypertension, smoking, prevalent cardiovascular events (cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease)
Chen [37]	3.51	1	12.31	0.05	-	-	-	-	n/a
Flythe [36]	-	-	-	-	1.19	1.04	1.35	-	Age, DM, race, CAD, HF, vascular access type, albumin, phosphorus level, haemoglobin, equilibrated Kt/V, dialytic vintage, prescribed treatment time (minutes), intradialytic weight gain, post-dialysis weight, pre-dialysis systolic BP, missed treatments
Tsai [35]	1.13	0.75	1.70	0.54	1.87	1.11	3.16	0.02	Age, DM, CVD, BP, albumin, triglyceride cholesterol, Kt/v, cardiomegaly, Ca-P product, peripheral arterial occlusion disease
Oh [51]	0.68	0.32	1.45	0.32	0.69	0.32	1.49	0.34	Age, white blood cell count
Yoshitomi [61]	2.82	0.95	12.09	0.06	-	-	-	-	n/a
Okamoto [56]	1.19	0.42	3.34	0.33	-	-	-	-	n/a
Li [38]	2.25	0.99	5.10	0.05	2.06	0.89	4.75	0.09	Age, DM, CVD, pulmonary hypertension, duration of HD, pre-HD BP, serum phosphorus, urea reduction ratio, systolic dysfunction
Honneger Bloch [39]	0.66	0.35	1.24	0.20	-	-	-	-	n/a
Oh [24]	1.09	0.50	2.34	0.83	0.62	0.18	2.10	0.44	Age, DM, HTN
Arsov [42]	2.44	1.05	5.64	0.04	-	-	-	-	n/a
Lim [40]	0.95	0.58	1.54	0.83	-	-	-	-	n/a
Li [52]	1.31	0.68	2.54	0.42	-	-	-	-	n/a
Murthy [18]	1.71	1.11	2.63	0.01	-	-	-	-	n/a
An [54]	-	-	-	-	0.29	0.09	0.90	0.03	Age, diabetic nephropathy, history of CVD, albumin level, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio
Wu [15]	0.71	0.27	1.83	0.47	-	-	-	-	n/a
Lee [53]	-	-	-	-	0.55	0.25	1.21	>0.05	Age, DM, CVD, smoking, lipid-lowering therapy calcium phosphorous product, albumin, log hs-CRP, baseline aortic arch calcification
Ogawa [23]	0.59	0.25	1.37	0.22	-	-	-	-	n/a