Table 4.
Times and types of food ordering among participating youths who ordered food before and after COVID-19 lockdown
| Variables | Percentagea | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High school students | Undergraduate students | Graduate students | All (n = 1552) | |||||||
| Pre-lockdown | Male (n = 54) | Female (n = 140) | Total (n = 194) | Male (n = 339) | Female (n = 941) | Total (n = 1280) | Male (n = 15) | Female (n = 63) | Total (n = 78) | |
| Ordering time | ||||||||||
| Breakfast | 14.8 | 14.3 | 14.4 | 11.5# | 6.8# | 8.0 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 8.6* |
| Lunch | 57.4 | 45.7 | 49.0 | 66.7 | 72.3* | 70.8** | 66.7 | 81.0 | 78.2 | 68.4* |
| Dinner | 27.8 | 40.7 | 37.1 | 54.3 | 52.7 | 53.1 | 60.0 | 61.9 | 61.5 | 51.5 |
| Midnight snacks | 27.8 | 38.6 | 35.6 | 30.1# | 19.9#* | 22.6** | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 23.4** |
| Type of food ordered | ||||||||||
| Chinese dishes with rice | 46.3 | 32.1 | 36.1 | 52.5#* | 44.3#** | 46.5*** | 86.7 | 63.5** | 67.9** | 46.3*** |
| (Spicy) hot pot | 29.6# | 55.7# | 48.5 | 45.7# | 64.4#** | 59.5* | 40.0 | 65.1 | 60.3 | 58.1* |
| Fried foods or hamburgers | 33.3# | 52.1# | 46.9 | 44.5 | 46.0** | 45.6** | 26.7 | 30.2 | 29.5 | 45.0** |
| Cakes/pastries or drinks | 24.1# | 40.0# | 35.6 | 27.1# | 43.3#** | 39.0** | 13.3 | 36.5 | 32.1 | 38.2** |
| Simple western meals | 9.3 | 12.9 | 11.9 | 15.3 | 15.3** | 15.3*** | 6.7 | 17.5 | 15.4 | 14.9*** |
| Barbecue/grill | 25.9 | 19.3 | 21.1 | 21.8 | 27.3* | 25.9* | 20.0 | 12.7 | 14.1 | 24.7* |
| Flour-based foods | 35.2 | 30.7 | 32.0 | 33.9 | 36.5 | 35.8 | 20.0 | 47.6 | 42.3 | 35.6 |
| Braised foods | 7.4 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 15.1 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 13.5 |
| Japanese/Korean foods | 9.3 | 5.0 | 6.2 | 11.2 | 13.4 | 12.8 | 6.7 | 19.0 | 16.7 | 12.2 |
| Other foods | 9.3 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 9.7 |
| Variables | Percentagea | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High school students | Undergraduate students | Graduate students | All (n = 930) | |||||||
| Post-lockdown | Male (n = 32) | Female (n = 106) | Total (n = 138) | Male (n = 209) | Female (n = 558) | Total (n = 767) | Male (n = 5) | Female (n = 20) | Total (n = 25) | |
| Ordering time | ||||||||||
| Breakfast | 9.4 | 15.1 | 13.8 | 16.7# | 7.5# | 10.0 | 20.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 10.5* |
| Lunch | 59.4 | 58.5 | 58.7 | 57.9 | 65.4* | 63.4** | 60.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 62.6* |
| Dinner | 43.8 | 44.3 | 44.2 | 47.8 | 47.3 | 47.5 | 80.0 | 40.0 | 48.0 | 47.0 |
| Midnight snacks | 25.0 | 37.7 | 34.8 | 26.3 | 24.6* | 25.0** | 0.0 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 26.0** |
| Type of food ordered | ||||||||||
| Chinese dishes with rice | 40.6 | 31.1 | 33.3 | 44.5#* | 33.5#** | 36.5*** | 40.0 | 25.0** | 28.0** | 35.8*** |
| (Spicy) hot pot | 43.8 | 51.9 | 50.0 | 46.4 | 52.3** | 50.7* | 80.0 | 50.0 | 56.0 | 50.8* |
| Fried foods or hamburgers | 50.0 | 50.9 | 50.7 | 48.3 | 53.8** | 52.3** | 0.0 | 35.0 | 28.0 | 51.4** |
| Cakes/pastries or drinks | 25.0 | 56.6 | 49.3 | 29.2# | 49.3** | 43.8** | 20.0 | 40.0 | 36.0 | 44.4** |
| Simple western meals | 15.6 | 18.9 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 19.4** | 19.4*** | 0.0 | 35.0 | 28.0 | 19.5*** |
| Barbecue/grill | 12.5 | 21.7 | 19.6 | 21.1# | 31.0#* | 28.3* | 20.0 | 25.0 | 24.0 | 26.9* |
| Flour-based foods | 21.9 | 37.7 | 34.1 | 30.1 | 33.2 | 32.3 | 0.0 | 40.0 | 32.0 | 32.6 |
| Braised foods | 12.5 | 14.2 | 13.8 | 12.4 | 15.8 | 14.9 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 14.5 |
| Japanese/Korean foods | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 11.0 | 12.9 | 12.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.2 |
| Other foods | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8.2 |
A participant may choose one or more categories of the ordering time and the types of food ordered. Values under a given variable were shown in bold, if the difference across educational levels (high school students, undergraduate students, graduate students) within the overall population or within given sex (male, female) was significant (P < 0.05); marked by hashes, if the difference between sexes within a given educational level was significant (P < 0.05); and marked by asterisks, if the difference before and after COVID-19 lockdown within a given educational level and sex was significant using chi-square tests (*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01,***P < 0.001)