Table 3.
The Distribution of the Antimicrobial Resistance and Awareness, Developing Recommendations and Slogans for Decreasing Antibiotic Resistance and Increasing Awareness
| Group 1 | Group 2 | p* value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Question Number | Questions | Options | Number (n=225) | % | Number (n=230) | % | |
| 17 | The most important condition that may occur as a result of irrational using? | High costs and economic losses | 9 | 4.0 | 10 | 4.3 | 0.99 |
| Severe side effects and toxicity | 18 | 8.0 | 18 | 7.8 | |||
| Possible drug interactions with other drugs | 5 | 2.2 | 5 | 2.2 | |||
| Antimicrobial resistance | 193 | 85.8 | 197 | 85.7 | |||
| 18 | What is the antimicrobial resistance? | Suppression and elimination of microbial flora | 9 | 4.0 | 10 | 4.3 | 0.06 |
| Narrow-spectrum antibiotics being of no use | 44 | 19.6 | 28 | 12.2 | |||
| The necessity of using wide-spectrum antibiotics under any conditions | 13 | 5.8 | 7 | 3.0 | |||
| The inactivation of antibiotics with irrational antibiotics use | 159 | 70.7 | 185 | 804 | |||
| 19 | The most frequent reason for penicillin resistance in staphylococci? | The secretion of B-lactamase enzyme | 95 | 42.2 | 117 | 50.9 | 0.02 |
| Modifying enzymes | 9 | 4.0 | 11 | 4.8 | |||
| Decrease in membrane permeability | 7 | 3.1 | 4 | 1.7 | |||
| Acquisition of a new PBP (Penicillin Binding Protein) | 114 | 50.7 | 98 | 42.6 | |||
| 20 | How can the national awareness of antibiotics resistance be increased? | By bringing it to the written and visual media frequently | 64 | 28.4 | 83 | 36.1 | 0.007 |
| By preparing public spots, brochures and posters on antibiotics resistance | 46 | 20.4 | 64 | 27.8 | |||
| By providing periodical training to physicians before/after graduation | 44 | 19.6 | 39 | 17.0 | |||
| By developing strict use policies and applying a penal sanction | 71 | 31.6 | 44 | 19.1 | |||
| 21 | The adequacy of the education provided to you on antibiotics during medical education? | Yes | 43 | 19.1 | 66 | 28.7 | 0.048 |
| No | 83 | 36.9 | 75 | 32.6 | |||
| Partly | 89 | 39.6 | 85 | 37.0 | |||
| No idea/I do not want to explain | 10 | 4.4 | 4 | 1.7 | |||
| 22 | Method of the habit of prescribing the most accurate by a physician who is about to graduate? | By actively examining patients especially in senior students in clinics | 145 | 64.4 | 135 | 58.7 | 0.54 |
| By writing prescriptions over virtual patient scenarios | 54 | 24.0 | 63 | 27.4 | |||
| By memorizing the prescriptions on the Internet/written sources | 3 | 1.3 | 6 | 2.6 | |||
| By adopting the prescription habits of the assistants/lecturers | 23 | 10.3 | 26 | 11.3 | |||
| 23 | What is your slogan about lowering the rate of antibiotics resistance? | Either awareness or resistance develops for antibiotics | 156 | 69.3 | 163 | 70.9 | 0.034 |
| Unawareness antibiotic use kills | 48 | 21.3 | 39 | 17.0 | |||
| Do not touch my antibiotics | 9 | 4.0 | 3 | 1.3 | |||
| Other | 12 | 5.4 | 25 | 10.8 | |||
Note: *Pearson’s chi-square test; the data are given as number (percentage).