Table 2.
Incident RA in relation to crops and livestock at enrollment
| Overall sample (applicators and spouses) 1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Raised for income | RA cases N=427 N (%) | HR2 (95%CI) | P-value |
| Crops only, ≤62 >62 |
103 (37) 54 (36) |
Reference Reference |
|
| Animals only, ≤62 >62 |
5 (1) 2 (0) |
0.83 (0.34 to 2.04) NC |
0.69 --- |
| Both, ≤62 >62 |
148 (35) 80 (19) |
0.68 (0.51 to 0.89) 1.08 (0.75 to 1.55) |
0.005 0.67 |
| Neither, ≤62 >62 |
23 (5) 12 (3) |
1.16 (0.73 to 1.85) 0.82 (0.43 to 1.56) |
0.53 0.54 |
| Crops3 | |||
| Alfalfa, ≤62 >62 |
66 (15) 39 (9) |
1.08 (0.80 to 1.49) 1.66 (1.10 to 2.50) |
0.57 0.015 |
| Field corn, ≤62 >62 |
203 (48) 112 (26) |
0.92 (0.65 to 1.30) 1.65 (1.05 to 2.61) |
0.64 0.031 |
| Hay, ≤62 >62 |
72 (17) 56 (13) |
0.71 (0.53 to 0.93) 1.37 (0.97 to 1.92) |
0.014 0.074 |
| Oats | 96 (22) | 1.06 (0.31 to 1.35) | 0.64 |
| Soybeans | 289 (68) | 0.98 (0.77 to 1.25) | 0.86 |
| Sweet corn | 45 (11) | 1.25 (0.91 to 1.72) | 0.18 |
| Wheat | 50 (12) | 0.91 (0.66 to 1.26) | 0.56 |
| Livestock2 | |||
| Beef cattle | 143 (33) | 0.80 (0.65 to 0.83) | 0.034 |
| Hogs, ≤62 >62 |
91 (21) 37 (9) |
0.80 (0.60 to 1.06) 1.06 (0.70 to 1.59) |
0.12 0.79 |
1
Numbers shown are for overall sample with complete data on pesticide covariates and diagnosis age, including all enrolled applicators (196 cases and 24357 non-cases) and spouses (231 cases and 20842 non-cases).
2
Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimated by Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for state, participant type (applicator/spouse), smoking pack-years, education, and specific pesticides. Hazard ratios allowed to vary by the median age (i.e., 62 years) when proportional hazards assumption was not met (p≤0.10).
3
Common crops or livestock (with at least 10% cases exposed)