Table 3.
Characteristics of the Reviews Included
| References | Country | Kind of Review | Time Framework | Database | Search Strategies | Nr. Studies Included | Instruments of Included Studies | Treatments of Included Studies |
Study Designs of Included Studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yohannes et al, 201823 | USA | Literature Review | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | AIR Disease scale, CAF, PRIME-MD, PHQ, PHQ-2 and PHQ-9, GAD-7, HADS, GHQ-20, BAI, BDI | CBT, Pulmonary rehabilitation, antidepressant treatment, antipsychotics, stress reduction therapy, self-management techniques | Not specified |
| Norwood & Balkissoon, 200574 | USA | Review | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | 6 | Not specified | Antidepressant treatment | Not specified |
| Alexopoulos & Latoussakis, 200457 | USA | Literature Review | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | CES-D, Zung Depression Scale, HADS, BDI, GDS | Antidepressant treatment, Oxygen, cognitive therapy, aerobic exercise, progressive muscle relaxation, biofeedback, meditation, stress management, psychoeducation | Not specified |
| Alexopoulos et al, 200872 | USA | Literature Review | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, reminiscence therapy, brief psychodinamic therapy, Problem solving therapy, multi-level intervention to increase treatment adherence, pharmacological treatment | Not specified |
| Yohannes & Alexopoulos, 201418 | UK | Review | Not spcified | Not specified | Not specified | 10 (only studies on pharmacological treatments are listed) | HRSD, ELDRS, GDS, GMS, MADRS, MRADL, BPQ, Short- Form 36-Item Questionnaire, CRQ, HADS, BDI, SGRQ, 6MWD, ZSDS, 12MWD, SSAI, CGI, PRAS, PFSI, SIP, MACL | SSRIs, TCA, CBT, PID-C | Descriptive study, case report, RCT, Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Single-blind, open study, Randomized, double-blind, crossover trial |
| Hogea et al, 202055 | Romania | Literature Review | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | LABA treatment, ICS treatment, PPI therapy, inhalers. | Not specified |
| Ranzini et al, 202056 | Italy | Short review | Not specified | PubMed, Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO | COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, chronic diseases, MCI, Mild Cognitive Impairment, cognitive impairment, dementia, adherence, compliance, self-care, self-management, daily activities, psychological, psychosocial. | 9 | MMSE, Babcock story recall alternate form, MoCA, SMAS-30, pulmonary function testing, 4-meter gait speed test, PHQ2, CRQ, mMRC dyspnea scale, ADO index, MMAS-4, SGRQ, Behavioral risk factor Surveillance System, HADS-A, BDI-II, ASiCOLD-R, BMI, MARS, validated standardize checklist about inhaler technique, S-TOFHLA | Not specified | longitudinal descriptive study, prospective study, reviews, cross-sectional studies, state-based telephone survey, multicentre observational cross-sectional study, observational cohort study |
| Zareifopoulos et al, 201954 | Greece | Narrative reviews | 2014–2019 | PubMed | the string (COPD OR COPD) AND (Depression OR Major Depressive Disorder OR Dysthymia OR MDD) to identify studies examining the association between COPD and depression. The string (COPD OR COPD) AND (Anxiety OR Generalized Anxiety Disorder OR Generalized Anxiety Disorder OR GAD) to identify studies examining the association between COPD and Anxiety. | 16 | clinical interview, PSS-14, EQ-5D-3L, HAM-D, STAI, BDI, BAI, DSM-IV criteria, telephone interview, HADS, PHQ | Antidepressant, standard COPD treatment VS active treatment, COPD maintenance treament, Psychological treatments, psychoteraphy, psychiatric treatment | cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies |
| Bhattarai et al, 202073 | India | Systematic review | 2003–2019 | MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE | (medicat* OR drug*) N3 (“chronic obstructive pulmonary disease” OR “chronic obstructive airway disease” OR “emphysema” OR “chronic bronchitis” OR “COPD”) AND (adhere* OR compliance OR persist* OR nonadhere* OR noncompli* OR nonpersist* OR nonadhere* OR noncompli* OR nonpersist*) |
38 | Self report scales (MARS, MMAS-4/MMAS-8, MTA, TAI, Morisky Scale and other non-specified self report instruments) | LABA, LAMA, ICS and combinations | Cross-sectional studies and Cohort studies |
Abbreviations: COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; MCI, Mild Cognitive Impairment; MDD, Major Depressive Disorder; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder; USA, United States of America; UK, United Kingdom; CBT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; RCT, Randomized Control Trial; AIR, Anxiety Inventory for Respiratory … ; PRIME-MD, PRImary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders; CAF, COPD Anxiety questionnaire; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; HRSD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; ELDRS, Evans Liverpool Depression Rating Scale; GMS, Geriatric Mental State; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MRADL Manchester Respiratory Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire; BPQ, Breathing Problems Questionnaire; CRQ Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire; SGRQ, St George respiratory questionnaire; 6MWD, Six-Minute Walking Distance; 12MWD, Twelve-Minute Walking Distance; ZSDS, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; SSAI, Spielberger’s State–Trait Anxiety Inventory; CGI, Clinical Global Impression; PRAS, Patient Rated Anxiety Scale; PFSI, Pulmonary Function Status Instrument; SIP, Sickness Impact Profile; MACL, Mood Adjective Checklist; SSRI, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor; TCA, Tricyclic Antidepressant; PID-C, Personalized Intervention for Depression and COPD; LABA, Long-acting β adrenoceptor agonists; ICS, Inhaled Corticosteroids; PPI, Proton Pump Inhibitors; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SMAS, Self-Management Ability Scale; mMCR, modified Medical Research Council; ADO, Age Dyspnea Obstruction; MMAS, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale; ASiCOLD-R, Adherence Schedule in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease – Revised; BMI, Body Mass Index; MARS, Medication Adherence Reporting Scale; S-TOHFLA, Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; EQ-5D-3L, EuroQol Five-Dimension questionnaire; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder; MTA, Measure of Treatment Adherence; TAI, Test of Adherence to Inhale; LAMA, Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist.