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. 2021 Jul 8;16:4693–4712. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S314506

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© 2021 Jin et al.

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Molecular mechanism of PDT. With the light irradiation, PS is activated from the ground singlet state S₀ to the exited singlet state S₁. By intersystem crossing, they are converted to the excited triplet state T₁. Afterwards, electron transfer from T₁ to biological substrates (type I reaction), or energy transfer to molecular oxygen (type ІІ reaction) that leads to a burst of ROS production.