Figure 4.

The anti-metastatic efficacy of porphyrin-phospholipid combined with the IDO inhibitor. (A) Schematic illustration of the preparation of functional liposomes and the mechanism of ICD pathway. (B) Antitumor mechanism of combining PDT with the IDO inhibitor in vivo. (C) Tumor growth was detected by the IVIS imaging system. (D and E) The progress of lung metastasis was observed by the IVIS imaging system. (F) The analysis of lung metastatic nodules’ numbers. **P < 0.01, compared with PBS and IND@RAL without irradiation groups; ***P < 0.001, compared with PBS and IND@RAL without irradiation groups. (G) H&E stained images of lungs. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Note: Reprinted with permission from Liu D, Chen B, Mo Y, et al. Redox-Activated Porphyrin-Based Liposome Remote-Loaded with Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Inhibitor for Synergistic Photoimmunotherapy through Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death and Blockage of IDO Pathway. Nano Lett. 2019;19(10):6964–6976. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02306. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society.⁸⁵