Curculigoside treatment alleviated osteoclast-associated gene expression in Ti-induced BMSCs. (a) qRT-PCR analysis was performed to detect the relative mRNA expression of cathepsin K, TRAP, NFATc1, and MMP-9 in BMSCs. (b) Western blot analysis was performed to detect the relative protein expression of IκBα, p-IκBα, p65, p-p65, IKKα, p-IKKα, NFATc1, and cathepsin K in BMSCs (n = 3); results are represented as the mean ± SD. ▲P < 0.05, compared to the Con group; ▲▲P < 0.01, compared to the Con group; ∗P < 0.05, compared to the Ti group; ∗∗P < 0.01, compared to the Ti group. BMSCs: bone marrow stromal cells; Ti: titanium particles; Con: control.