Table 1.
Characteristics of the KORA FF4 participants overall and by dietary patterns (n = 1305)
| Overall (n = 1305) | Prudent (n = 707) | Western (n = 598) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Males | 607 (46.5) | 137 (19.4) | 470 (78.6) |
| Females | 698 (53.5) | 570 (80.6) | 128 (21.4) |
| Age (years) | 58.4 (11.6) | 60.5 (11.8) | 55.8 (10.9) |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
| Single | 119 (9.1) | 52 (7.4) | 67 (11.2) |
| Married | 956 (73.3) | 504 (71.3) | 452 (75.6) |
| Divorced | 140 (10.7) | 77 (10.9) | 63 (10.5) |
| Widowed | 90 (6.9) | 74 (10.5) | 16 (2.7) |
| Education, n (%) (years) | |||
| < 10 | 69 (5.3) | 50 (7.1) | 19 (3.2) |
| 10–12 | 743 (56.9) | 383 (54.2) | 360 (60.2) |
| ≥ 13 | 493 (37.8) | 274 (38.8) | 219 (36.6) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 (4.9) | 26.7 (4.7) | 28.5 (5.1) |
| BMI categories, n (%) | |||
| Underweight | 6 (0.5) | 4 (0.6) | 2 (0.3) |
| Normal weight | 427 (32.7) | 286 (40.5) | 141 (23.6) |
| Overweight | 536 (41.1) | 270 (38.2) | 266 (44.5) |
| Obese | 336 (25.7) | 147 (20.8) | 189 (31.6) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 95.7 (14.3) | 91.2 (13.0) | 101.0 (14.0) |
| Males | 102.2 (12.3) | 99.5 (10.0) | 103.0 (12.8) |
| Females | 90.0 (13.5) | 89.1 (12.8) | 93.7 (15.8) |
| Physical activity, n (%) | |||
| Inactive | 494 (37.9) | 203 (28.7) | 291 (48.7) |
| Active | 811 (62.1) | 504 (71.3) | 307 (51.3) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Never | 560 (42.9) | 354 (50.1) | 206 (34.4) |
| Former | 558 (42.8) | 284 (40.2) | 274 (45.8) |
| Current | 187 (14.3) | 69 (9.8) | 118 (19.7) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | |||
| No | 842 (64.5) | 466 (65.9) | 376 (62.9) |
| Yes | 463 (35.5) | 241 (34.1) | 222 (37.1) |
| Glucose tolerance status, n (%) | |||
| Normal glucose tolerance | 698 (53.5) | 433 (61.2) | 265 (44.3) |
| Prediabetes | 459 (35.2) | 211 (29.8) | 248 (41.5) |
| Undetected diabetes | 49 (3.8) | 17 (2.4) | 32 (5.4) |
| Prevalent diabetes | 99 (7.6) | 46 (6.5) | 53 (8.9) |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean (SD); categorical variables are expressed as n (%)
BMI categories according to WHO standards (underweight: BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; normal weight: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25.0 kg/m2; overweight: 25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0 kg/m2; obese: BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) [38]
BMI body mass index, SD standard deviation, WHO World Health Organization