Table 3.

Minimally adjusted for age and country Cox Proportional Hazard Ratios (HR) by quartile for cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality

	CVD outcomes				All-cause mortality
	Q2 HR (95% CI)	Q3 HR (95% CI)	Q4 HR (95% CI)	P	Q2 HR (95% CI)	Q3 HR (95% CI)	Q4 HR (95% CI)	p
Vitamin C	0.77 (0.54–1.11)	0.59 (0.40–0.87)	0.72 (0.50–1.04)	0.04	0.57 (0.43–0.75)	0.49 (0.37–0.66)	0.51 (0.39–0.68)	< 0.001
Lycopene	0.86 (0.61–1.23)	0.79 (0.55–1.13)	0.56 (0.38–0.85)	0.006	0.69 (0.53–0.90)	0.53 (0.40–0.71)	0.51 (0.38–0.68)	< 0.001
β-Carotene	0.59 (0.41–0.85)	0.77 (0.55–1.09)	0.40 (0.26–0.62)	< 0.001	0.59 (0.46–0.77)	0.55 (0.42–0.72)	0.36 (0.26–0.49)	< 0.001
α-Carotene	0.85 (0.60–1.20)	0.64 (0.44–0.93)	0.54 (0.36–0.82)	0.001	0.79 (0.62–1.02)	0.56 (0.42–0.74)	0.40 (0.29–0.56)	< 0.001
β-Cryptoxanthin	0.85 (0.60–1.23)	0.81 (0.56–1.18)	0.67 (0.45–1.01)	0.06	0.39 (0.29–0.52)	0.47 (0.36–0.62)	0.30 (0.22–0.41)	< 0.001
Zeaxanthin	0.97 (0.66–1.41)	0.87 (0.57–1.31)	1.02 (0.68–1.54)	0.97	0.48 (0.36–0.63)	0.45 (0.34–0.60)	0.36 (0.26–0.49)	< 0.001
Lutein	0.77 (0.53–1.13)	0.77 (0.51–1.16)	0.78 (0.51–1.19)	0.27	0.67 (0.51–0.87)	0.48 (0.36–0.65)	0.40 (0.29–0.55)	< 0.001
α-Tocophorol	0.84 (0.56–1.28)	1.21 (0.83–1.77)	1.32 (0.91–1.91)	0.049	0.53 (0.40–0.70)	0.65 (0.49–0.85)	0.62 (0.47–0.81)	0.002
γ-Tocophorol	1.17 (0.79–1.73)	1.25 (0.85–1.84)	1.14 (0.77–1.69)	0.50	0.83 (0.63–1.10)	0.88 (0.67–1.16)	0.78 (0.59–1.04)	0.13
Retinol	0.81 (0.56–1.19)	0.87 (0.60–1.26)	0.85 (0.58–1.23)	0.45	0.71 (0.54–0.94)	0.75 (0.57–0.98)	0.77 (0.58–1.01)	0.07
Mean SAS	0.77 (0.56–1.08)	0.68 (0.48–0.97)	0.67 (0.47–0.96)	0.02	0.52 (0.41–0.67)	0.36 (0.27–0.48)	0.37 (0.28–0.49)	< 0.001

THR indicated for quarters 2, 3 and 4 are relative to the reference quarter 1

Q quarter, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence intervals, Mean SAS mean standardised antioxidant score, p p for trend