Table 2.
Dietary intakea by groups of diet quality and the medians (25th percentile, 75th percentile) of CCDI sub-scoresb
| Diet quality according to CCDI score | Sub-scores of CCDI | Percentage of participants meeting dietary recommendations | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower (56.2–82.3)c | Moderate (82.9–105.6)c | Higher (106.2–136.3)c | |||
| Girls | |||||
| Grains, g/d | 487 (402, 589) | 346 (263, 379) | 172 (115, 263) | 5.7 (3.3, 7.8) | 12.6% |
| Vegetables, g/d | 99 (81, 123) | 159 (136, 178) | 263 (252, 296) | 4.6 (2.9, 7.4) | 16.1% |
| Fruits, g/d | 41 (29, 62) | 115 (97, 136) | 163 (148, 207) | 7.0 (3.6, 10.0) | 37.8% |
| Dairy and dairy products, g/d | 67 (54, 95) | 243 (201, 252) | 294 (279, 345) | 8.0 (3.5, 10.0) | 38.1% |
| Soybeans and its products, g/d | 3.6 (0, 7.1) | 13 (8.9, 17) | 57 (39, 89) | 4.5 (2.4, 10.0) | 26.7% |
| Meats, g/d | 73 (11, 136) | 65 (33, 102) | 41 (35, 82) | 3.3 (0, 7.1) | 14.7% |
| Fishes and shrimps, g/d | 0 (0, 0) | 6 (3, 19) | 25 (19, 38) | 0 (0, 5.1) | 9.3% |
| Eggs, g/d | 0 (0, 0) | 15 (10, 25) | 58 (43, 86) | 2.7 (0, 8.0) | 13.1% |
| Drinking water, mL/d | 350 (225, 425) | 575 (500, 750) | 975 (925, 1200) | 5.0 (3.3, 8.3) | 17.2% |
| SSBsd, mL/d | 155 (128, 201) | 78 (35, 103) | 0 (0, 0) | 4.5 (2.2, 10.0) | 26.9% |
| Vitamin A, μgRE/d | 181 (160, 212) | 325 (293, 346) | 465 (428, 492) | 5.5 (3.2, 8.9) | 21.2% |
| Fatty acidse | 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) | 2.4 (2.0, 2.9) | 3.4 (3.0, 3.8) | 10.0 (3.9, 10.0) | 55.1% |
| Dietary fiber, g/d | 5.2 (4.3, 6.5) | 8.5 (7.2, 9.7) | 12 (9.8, 14) | 3.9 (2.4, 4.5) | 11.7% |
| Diet variety (servings)f | 6 (4, 9) | 9 (6, 13) | 12 (9, 16) | 7.0 (4.0, 9.0) | 21.2% |
| Breakfast and dinnerg | 5 (4, 8) | 7 (5, 10) | 9 (8, 11) | 9.0 (7.0, 10.0) | 39.1% |
| Energy balanceh | 0.7 (0.4, 2.2) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.6) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.3) | 8.3 (3.5, 9.9) | 23.9% |
| Lower (46.1–77.5)i | Moderate (78.2–101.7)i | Higher (102.3–131.5)i | Distribution of sub-scores | Percentage of participants meeting dietary recommendations | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys | |||||
| Grains, g/d | 535 (489, 553) | 447 (311, 514) | 215 (162, 348) | 2.7 (0, 6.1) | 9.1% |
| Vegetables, g/d | 87 (71, 112) | 145 (121, 163) | 238 (218, 251) | 4.5 (2.4, 6.9) | 11.2% |
| Fruits, g/d | 26 (19, 39) | 141 (112, 175) | 178 (165, 213) | 6.5 (1.2, 10.0) | 31.6% |
| Dairy and dairy products, g/d | 81 (69, 96) | 275 (230, 319) | 348 (316, 391) | 8.6 (5.4, 10.0) | 41.3% |
| Soybeans and its products, g/d | 0 (0, 0) | 12 (7.4, 23) | 73 (41, 102) | 3.8 (0, 10.0) | 25.2% |
| Meats, g/d | 98 (65, 187) | 78 (41, 127) | 46 (35, 79) | 1.2 (0, 5.9) | 8.3% |
| Fishes and shrimps, g/d | 0 (0, 0) | 7 (2, 19) | 31 (21, 45) | 0 (0, 7.0) | 7.2% |
| Eggs, g/d | 0 (0, 0) | 24 (16, 39) | 73 (52, 105) | 3.4 (0, 10) | 25.8% |
| Drinking water, mL/d | 425 (325, 475) | 650 (525, 800) | 1075 (875, 1200) | 5.7 (4.0, 8.9) | 19.8% |
| SSBsd, mL/d | 182 (119, 237) | 85 (48, 117) | 0 (0, 0) | 4.0 (2.3, 10.0) | 25.5% |
| Vitamin A, μgRE/d | 166 (151, 182) | 293 (270, 338) | 442 (408, 486) | 5.1 (3.0, 8.9) | 19.5% |
| Fatty acidse | 1.5 (1.1, 1.8) | 2.4 (2.0, 2.9) | 3.7 (3.3, 3.8) | 10.0 (5.0, 10.0) | 58.1% |
| Dietary fiber, g/d | 4.2 (3.1, 5.5) | 7.3 (6.1, 8.7) | 10 (9.0, 13) | 3.6 (2.1, 4.5) | 9.4% |
| Diet varietyf | 6 (4, 9) | 8 (7, 11) | 10 (8, 14) | 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 19.6% |
| Breakfast and dinnerg | 6 (5, 9) | 8 (6, 10) | 9 (7, 11) | 8.0 (6.0, 10.0) | 29.1% |
| Energy balanceh | 1.2 (0.5, 2.6) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.3) | 8.1 (3.0, 9.7) | 23.0% |
aAll nutritional data represent crude values per day. Mean values of dietary data at baseline
bData are presented as medians (25th percentile, 75th percentile) in tertiles, n = 3983. CCDI Chinese Children Dietary Index, based on dietary data at baseline
cValues are min–max in tertiles in girls
dSSBs, sugar-sweetened beverages. SSBs were defined as beverages with added sugar, such as lemonades, fruit drinks (diluted and sugar-sweetened fruit juices), ice teas and so on. Juices made from 100% fruit were not classified as SSBs
eRatio of poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, derived from the HEI-2010 [54]
fDaily consumption of at least one serving from each of the food groups (grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy/beans and meats/poultry/fishes/eggs) was necessary to count the diet variety
gFrequencies per week, having breakfast and dinner with parents or grandparents
hEnergy balance was reflected by energy intake and time spent on sedentary behaviors. Energy expenditure was reflected by time spent on sedentary behaviors, i.e., watching television, using computers and doing homework
iValues are min–max in tertiles in boys