Table 1.

Meta-analysis of the association between 100% fruit juice intake and cardiovascular risk factors: results of randomised controlled trials

Outcome	N of Studies (N of cohorts)	N of participants	Average intake (ml/day)	Effect estimate Mean difference (95% CI)	p-value	Heterogeneity p, I2	Publication bias—Egger’s test (p-value; Begg’s test (p-value)
Pulse wave velocity (m/s) (53,54,65,66,75,81)	6 (6)	256	435	− 0.03 (−  0.41 to 0.35)	0.58	0.046,56%	0.20; 0.30
Flow-mediated dilation (%) (50,54,61,75)	4 (5)	174	700	2.10% (1.14 to 3.06)	< 0.001	0.5, 0%	0.12; 0.33
Blood pressure (47–49,52–54,56,58,61–73,75,76,80,81)
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	25 (26)	1032	447	− 3.14 (-4.43 to − 1.85)	< 0.001	0.8, 0%	0.20; 0.40
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	25 (26)	1032	447	− 1.68 (-2.94 to − 0.43)	< 0.001	0.06, 31%	0.12; 0.22
Body weight (46–48,50,52,53,57–65,71,72,75–80)
Weight (kg)	19 (20)	805	464	− 0.07 (-0.39 to 0.25)	0.67	1.0, 0%	0.53; 0.40
BMI (kg/m2)	12 (13)	527	416	− 0.03 (− 0.15 to 0.10)	0.67	1.0, 0%	0.66; 0.39
Waist circumference (cm)	10 (10)	367	338	0.11 (− 0.94 to 1.16)	0.84	1.0, 0%	0.95; 0.93
Lipid metabolism (46–49,51–62,64,66–68,70–72,75–77,80,81)
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	28 (29)	1,180	456	− 3.15 (− 6.43 to 0.13)	0.06	0.99, 0%	0.35; 0.38
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	23 (23)	880	429	0.29 (− 2.62 to 3.20)	0.84	0.97, 0%	0.17; 0.10
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	25 (25)	1,007	414	0.43 (− 0.72 to 1.59)	0.85	0.34, 9%	0.10; 0.30
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	26 (26)	1,049	422	− 0.65 (− 5.83 to 4.52)	0.80	1.0, 0%	0.77; 0.47
Glucose metabolism (47–54,57–59,62–64,67,68,70,74–81)
Glucose (mg/dl)	23 (23)	845	409	− 1.01 (− 4.02 to 2.00)	0.51	< 0.01, 69%	0.92; 0.85
HOMA index (U)	11 (11)	487	415	0.01 (− 0.28 to 0.30)	0.50	0.66, 0%	0.80; 0.70
Insulin (%)	11 (11)	424	430	3.4 (− 7.2 to 14.0)	0.53	0.88, 0%	0.80; 0.70
Glycated haemoglobin (%)	3 (3)	120	323	− 0.10 (− 0.31 to 0.10)	0.32	0.98, 0%	–