Table 2.
Univariate analysis results.
| Variables | Survivors at 90-day | Deceased at 90-day | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 8,743 | 167 | |
| Age (years) (mean, SD) | 72.36 ± 5.66 | 73.70 ± 6.19 | 0.002 |
| ADL (mean, SD) | 28.03 ± 4.00 | 26.40 ± 4.85 | <0.0001 |
| Low handgrip strength (n, %) | <0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 4,298 (97.31) | 119 (2.69) | |
| NO | 4445 (98.93) | 48 (1.07) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean, SD) | 23.65 ± 3.47 | 21.82 ± 3.72 | < .0001 |
| Gender (n, %) | 0.004 | ||
| Female | 3,702 (98.72) | 48 (1.28) | |
| Male | 5,041 (97.69) | 119 (2.31) | |
| Ethnicity (n, %) | 0.9977 | ||
| Han | 8,219 (98.13) | 157 (1.87) | |
| Other | 524 (98.13) | 10 (1.87) | |
| Education (n, %) | 0.1309 | ||
| Illiterate | 1,386 (97.81) | 31 (2.19) | |
| Primary | 2,512 (98.39) | 41 (1.61) | |
| Middle | 3,550 (97.85) | 78 (2.15) | |
| University | 1,294 (98.70) | 17 (1.30) | |
| Marital status (n, %) | 0.2534 | ||
| Marriage | 7,750 (98.08) | 152 (1.92) | |
| Divorced or widowed | 983 (98.60) | 14 (1.40) | |
| Primary diagnosis (n, %) | <0.001 | ||
| Heart disease | 1,170 (99.07) | 11 (0.93) | |
| Pulmonary disease | 594 (96.90) | 19 (3.10) | |
| Other internalmedicine diseases | 2,670 (98.42) | 43 (1.58) | |
| Surgical diseases | 2,895 (98.97) | 30 (1.03) | |
| Cancer | 1,412 (95.66) | 64 (4.34) | |
| Smoking status (n, %) | 0.021 | ||
| Non-smoker | 5,775 (98.21) | 105 (1.79) | |
| Current smoker | 980 (98.89) | 11 (1.11) | |
| Former smoker | 1,988 (97.50) | 51 (2.50) | |
| Alcohol consumption (n, %) | 0.034 | ||
| Non-drinker | 6,682 (98.19) | 123 (1.81) | |
| Current drinker | 1,022 (98.65) | 14 (1.35) | |
| Former drinker | 1,039 (97.19) | 30 (2.81) | |
| Bedridden (n, %) | 0.0013 | ||
| Yes | 195 (95.12) | 10 (4.88) | |
| No | 8,548 (98.20) | 157 (1.80) | |
| Vision (n, %) | 0.4033 | ||
| Dysfunction | 1,911 (98.35) | 32 (1.65) | |
| Normal | 6,832 (98.06) | 135 (1.94) | |
| Hearing (n, %) | 0.7453 | ||
| Dysfunction | 1,641 (98.03) | 33 (1.97) | |
| Normal | 7,102 (98.15) | 134 (1.85) | |
| Sleep (n, %) | 0.2216 | ||
| Dysfunction | 3,723 (97.92) | 79 (2.08) | |
| Normal | 5,020 (98.28) | 88 (1.72) | |
| Urinary function (n, %) | 0.049 | ||
| Dysfunction | 1,166 (97.41) | 31 (2.59) | |
| Normal | 7,577 (98.24) | 136 (1.76) | |
| Depression (n, %) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 1,322 (96.57) | 47 (3.43) | |
| No | 7,265 (98.38) | 120 (1.62) | |
| Cognitive impairment (n, %) | 0.0492 | ||
| Yes | 1,643 (97.57) | 41 (2.43) | |
| No | 6,715 (98.29) | 117 (1.71) | |
| MNA-SF (n, %) | <0.001 | ||
| Normal nutritional status | 4,962 (99.26) | 37 (0.74) | |
| At risk of malnutrition | 2,967 (97.47) | 77 (2.53) | |
| Malnourished | 814 (93.89) | 53 (6.11) | |
| Frailty (n, %) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 1,428 (95.71) | 64 (4.29) | |
| No | 7,315 (98.61) | 103 (1.39) | |
| Length of hospital stay (days) (mean, SD) | 9.11 ± 5.80 | 11.20 ± 7.72 | <0.001 |
ADL, basic activities of daily living;MNA-SF, Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form.