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. 2021 Apr 13;37(7):934–946. doi: 10.1007/s12264-021-00674-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Optical inhibition of LHA glutamatergic neurons slightly changes the power distribution of frequency bands. A Schematic of inhibitory optogenetic virus (NpHR) injection into the LHA in Vglut2-Cre mice. B Left, histological image showing the location of fibers in the bilateral LHb; right, representative confocal images of immunofluorescent staining. C Ex vivo electrophysiology of NpHR virus action in LHA glutamatergic neurons. D, E Representative EEG traces (above) and corresponding power spectra (below) before, during, and after optical inhibition in the NpHR group (D) and the Control group (E) under 1.0% isoflurane anesthesia. F Statistics showing the change of BSR before and during optical stimulation. G, H Changes of EEG traces (above) and corresponding power spectra (below) in the NpHR group (G) and the Control group (H) under 0.8% isoflurane anesthesia. I Comparison of the spectral power percentage for 1 min before and after optical activation in the two groups. Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation, n = 5 per group; *P <0.05; BSR, burst-suppression ratio; f, fornix; LHA, lateral hypothalamic area; 3V, third ventricle.