Table 1.
Subject characteristics.
| Characteristic | All subjects (n = 47) | GDS 1-3 (n = 23) | GDS 4–7 (n = 24) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 102.2 (2.5) | 102.2 (2.3) | 102.2 (2.8) | 0.946 |
| Female, n (%) | 42 (89%) | 19 (83%) | 23 (96%) | 0.188 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.348 | |||
| Caucasian | 42 (89%) | 22 (96%) | 20 (83%) | |
| Black | 5 (11%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (17%) | |
| BMI in kg/m2, mean (SD)b | 22.1 (3.9) | 23.1 (3.5) | 21.0 (4.0) | 0.067 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 25 (53%) | 12 (52%) | 13 (54%) | 1 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 3 (6%) | 2 (9%) | 1 (4%) | 0.609 |
| Education, n (%) | 0.204 | |||
| < High school | 23 (51%) | 9 (39%) | 14 (64%) | |
| High school | 12 (27%) | 7 (30%) | 5 (23%) | |
| > High school | 10 (22%) | 7 (30%) | 3 (14%) | |
| No data | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Living, n (%) | 0.212 | |||
| Community dwelling | 14 (30%) | 9 (39%) | 5 (21%) | |
| Institutionalized | 33 (70%) | 14 (61%) | 19 (79%) | |
| Dietary supplement use, n (%) | 34 (72%) | 14 (61%) | 20 (83%) | 0.111 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||
| Antidepressants | 14 (30%) | 4 (17%) | 10 (42%) | 0.111 |
| Antipsychotics | 5 (12%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (17%) | 0.348 |
| Anti-inflammatory medications | 5 (12%) | 4 (17%) | 1 (4%) | 0.188 |
| Antithrombotics | 10 (21%) | 5 (22%) | 5 (21%) | 1 |
| Antibiotics | 7 (15%) | 2 (9%) | 5 (21%) | 0.416 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.570 | |||
| Never | 30 (86%) | 18 (86%) | 12 (86%) | |
| Past | 4 (11%) | 3 (14%) | 1 (7%) | |
| Present | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (7%) | |
| No data | 12 | 2 | 10 | |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 0.041 | |||
| Never | 21 (60%) | 9 (43%) | 12 (86%) | |
| Past | 6 (17%) | 5 (24%) | 1 (7%) | |
| Present | 8 (23%) | 7 (33%) | 1 (7%) | |
| No data | 12 | 2 | 10 | |
| APOE, n (%)c | ||||
| ε2 allele carrier | 8 (17%) | 3 (13%) | 5 (21%) | 0.701 |
| ε4 allele carrier | 8 (17%) | 3 (13%) | 5 (21%) | 0.701 |
a
Comparisons between subjects whose Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) = 1–3 (non-demented) and GDS = 4–7 (demented) using Student's t-test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.
b
Body mass index (BMI) cannot be calculated for a double amputee whose GDS = 5.
c
All subjects who carried an ε2 or ε4 allele were ε2/ε3 or ε3/ε4 except one subject with GDS = 4 who was an ε2/ε4.